What are the applicability dates under EU regulation 2019/947 and 2019/945?

Due to the COVID-19 crisis, the applicability date of EU Regulation 2019/947 has been delayed from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2020, meaning:

• as of 31 December 2020, registration of drone operators and certified drones becomes mandatory;
• as of 31 December 2020, operations in the ‘specific’ category may be conducted after authorisation has been given by the National Aviation Authority;
• between 31 December 2020 and 1 January 2023, drone users operating drones without  class identification label can continue to operate in the limited category under Article 22 of EU Regulation 2019/947 (see FAQ #x for additional information);
• as of January 2022, national authorisations, certificates, and declarations must be fully converted to the new EU System;
• from 1 January 2022, EASA Member States must make available information on geographical zones for geo-awareness in a digital format harmonised between the EU countries;
• as of January 2023, all operations in the ‘open’ category and all drone operators must fully comply with EU Regulation 2019/947 and EU Regulation 2019/945.