COLOGNE, October 22, 2025 — The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) published the first ReFuelEU Aviation Annual Technical Report, laying out the initial picture of how Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) are being supplied, purchased and used across the European Union (EU).
The findings establish a baseline: in 2024, the fuel suppliers reported that 0.6% of all aviation fuel supplied at Union airports was SAF - equivalent to 193 kilotonnes. This led to avoiding around 714 kilotonnes of CO₂ emissions. To put this in perspective, 714 kilotonnes of CO₂ emissions is the equivalent of around 10 000 flights between Madrid and Paris, according to the ICAO CO₂ calculator.
For 2025, there is a mandatory target for 2% of the total aviation fuel supplied at designated Union airports to be SAF.
"This first Annual Technical Report marks an important milestone and makes clear that the EU has taken important first steps. A functioning reporting system is now in place, initial reporting compliance levels are solid, and SAF delivery is happening across multiple Member States. This report sets an important benchmark for our sustainability efforts in the future" said Maria Rueda, EASA’s Safety Management, Strategy and Global Outreach Director.
Key findings
- Production capacity assessments indicate the EU is on track to meet the overall mandatory SAF blending target (6%) in 2030
- Synthetic fuels were absent from the fuel mix in 2024, highlighting that the technology is still in an early stage at the EU.
- The average price of SAF in 2024 was €2,085/tonne (vs €734/tonne for conventional jet fuel)[1];
- 25 fuel suppliers provided SAF to 33 EU airports across 12 Member States. However, airports in 5 Member States alone (France, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Germany) accounted for 99% of supply, showing how concentrated the market remains.
- Almost all SAF was biofuel, produced overwhelmingly from used cooking oil (81%), with a further 17% from waste animal fats.
- 69% of feedstock originated from outside the EU, with China (38%) and Malaysia (12%) supplying the bulk. Finland led as the largest EU contributor (10%).
Background
The ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/2405) establishes that EASA is required to publish an annual technical report, based on data from the previous year. This report shall contain information on the status of compliance of the parties obligated under the Regulation as well as on the state and development of the SAF market in the European Union and its Member States.
From 2025, the data supplied for this report will be used to assess whether the obligation to supply at least 2% of total aviation fuel as SAF has been met. This threshold applies for around 150 Union airports that handle more than 800,000 passengers per year and therefore fall under the SAF regulation.
For the 2024 report, 67% of aviation fuel suppliers and 74% of aircraft operators in the scope of the regulation submitted their data, applying this new procedure for the first time. This will need to increase to full reporting for 2025 to allow assessment of compliance with the obligation.
[1] This price reflects the costs associated with feedstock production, upstream logistics, and production at the refinery. However, it does not capture downstream components, such as costs associated with blending, distribution, and downstream actors’ (such as aviation fuel suppliers’) profit margins.
About European Union Aviation Safety Agency - EASA
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is the centrepiece of the European Union's strategy for aviation safety. Our mission is to promote and achieve the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. Based in Cologne, the Agency employs experts and administrators from all over Europe.
For more information, please contact:
Janet Northcote
Head of Communication
European Union Aviation Safety Agency
Email: communications [at] easa.europa.eu