Swiss TSB Video explaining the Ju 52 accident of 4 Aug 2018

Michel MASSON • 12 February 2021
in community General Aviation
5 comments
2 likes

Beware of critical Angle of Attack in ascending air flow!

Erklärvideo zum Unfall der Ju 52 vom 4. August 2018 - YouTube

Jan 28, 2021

STSB Video on Ju 52 accident of 4 Aug 2018
 

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Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board STSB

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Am 4. August 2018 verunfallte ein historisches Verkehrsflugzeug Junkers Ju 52, betrieben durch Ju-Air, bei Flims in den Schweizer Alpen. Alle 20 Personen an Bord des Flugzeuges kamen dabei ums Leben. Die Schweizerische Sicherheitsuntersuchungsstelle (SUST) hat den Unfall untersucht um seine Ursachen und die tieferliegenden Gründe zu finden. Damit die Sicherheit in der Luftfahrt verbessert werden kann, spricht die SUST acht Sicherheitsempfehlungen sowie sieben Sicherheitshinweise aus. Schuld- und Haftungsfragen werden durch diese Untersuchung ausdrücklich nicht geklärt. Dieses Erklärvideo soll gewisse Inhalte des Schlussberichtes Nummer 2370 der Schweizerischen Sicherheitsuntersuchungsstelle dynamisch veranschaulichen. Es ist keine Zusammenfassung des Schlussberichts, der die detaillierten Abläufe und die systemischen Aspekte des Unfalles darlegt.

Schlussbericht No. 2370 zum Unfall der Ju 52/3m g4e HB-HOT https://www.sust.admin.ch/inhalte/AV-...

Schweizerische Sicherheitsuntersuchungsstelle
https://www.sust.admin.ch

Comments (5)

Thomas Dietrich

That vid is nicely done, however I wanted to point out items that were not addressed. I remember that day well, we were planning to fly from Germany to Veneto in a Husky. I have several thousand hrs of mountain flying in gliders and low powered aircraft, but I cancelled the flight due to strong winds on my route which was 80 NM east of the accident site. The flight would have been possible, but inconvenient is such a plane.
Performing such a flight on a windy day in such a plane is not a good idea.
The crew of the JU had many hrs as well, but in high powered planes and, or with Autopilots engaged. Their experience in such a low powered plane like the JU52 , which only climbs because of the curvature of the earth, was limited. The extra experience they had in high powered planes was more counterproductive than helpful. On the same day the chief pilot of Pilatus crashed in a Lee near Stans in a TB 20 if I recall right. He had a lot of high power experience too. Both neglected basic flying rules of low powered planes in mountain areas with winds.

When reading the comments about increased AOA, when entering updrafts, I needed to do the math really quick. The JU52 cruises at about 50 m/s. If it maintains attitude and enters a 3 m/s lift that results in about a 3.4° increase in AOA. From a cruise AOA that should not be a great factor. But reducing power when approaching the Nickolauslücke while maintaining attitude increases AOA much more, plus is changes the trajectory of the plane into the mountain. Why would any experienced pilot do that, in such a plane with such conditions , you should be happy about every foot you are above the obstacles.
If entering an Updraft would be dangerous because of increased AOA, all gliders would be stalling when entering a thermal, cause a glider pilot in addition of entering the updraft pulls up.
Sorry SUST but I can not follow your AOA theory, you need to explain that more detailed with facts.

As experienced high power pilots the crew choose a flightpath which only would be picked by mountain beginners, but not by experienced pilots.

I hope that this accident makes operators think what kind of crew requirements they should look for .

,

Jürgen Leukefeld

Quote
"If entering an Updraft would be dangerous because of increased AOA, all gliders would be stalling when entering a thermal, cause a glider pilot in addition of entering the updraft pulls up."

Comment
It´s a matter of vector mathematics:
If you change either vector of air chusion´s move towards airfoil oder AOA towards vector of air cushion´s move ... result is the same.
Glider pilot travelling at reasonable or low speed in horizontal flight, experiencing thermal lift, will face stall if maintaining stick position (as AOA might pass critical AOA). If in same situation stick is moved even back, stall will happen earlier.
I´m fully with the explanation SUST-people give in the video.

Michel MASSON

Interesting discussion, thanks fellows!
I was about to provide a similar answer: because the airflow the aircraft is facing is coming from below, the AoA increases with the airflow angle and the critical AoA is reached earlier. This is well illustrated in the image (video screen shot ) above.
Indeed worst if stick is moved back: an action pilots normally take to climb but totally inappropriate when approaching stall or experiencing developed stall.
See for instance the EGAST GA 8 Leaflet:
https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/general-publications/egast-…

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