Easy Access Rules for Aircrew (Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011)

Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

Applicants for an ATPL shall be at least 21 years of age.

Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

(a) The privileges of the holder of an ATPL are, within the appropriate aircraft category, to:

(1) exercise all the privileges of the holder of an LAPL, a PPL and a CPL;

(2) act as PIC of aircraft engaged in commercial air transport.

(b) Applicants for the issue of an ATPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the type rating of the aircraft used in the skill test.

FCL.515 ATPL – Training course and theoretical knowledge examinations

Regulation (EU) 2018/1974

(a) Course.

Applicants for an ATPL shall have completed a training course at an ATO. The course shall be either an integrated training course or a modular course, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Annex (Part-FCL).

(b) Examination.

Applicants for the issue of an ATPL shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:

(1) air law;

(2) aircraft general knowledge — airframe/systems/power plant;

(3) aircraft general knowledge — instrumentation;

(4) mass and balance;

(5) performance;

(6) flight planning and monitoring;

(7) human performance;

(8) meteorology;

(9) general navigation;

(10) radio navigation;

(11) operational procedures;

(12) principles of flight; and

(13) communications.;

AMC1 FCL.310; FCL.515(b); FCL.615(b); FCL.835(d) Theoretical knowledge examinations

ED Decision 2020/018/R

LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR ATPL, CPL, IR, CB-IR(A) and BIR

(a) Aeroplanes and helicopters

GENERAL

In the tables of this AMC, the applicable LOs for each ATPL, CPL, IR, CB-IR(A) are marked with an ‘X’, and for the BIR exam and BIR BK with the number 1, 2 or 3 (corresponding to the modules as mentioned in FCL.835 ‘Basic instrument rating (BIR)’.

The LOs define the subject knowledge and applied knowledge, skills and attitudes that a student pilot should have assimilated during the theoretical knowledge course.

The LOs are intended to be used by an approved training organisation (ATO) when developing the Part-FCL theoretical knowledge elements of the appropriate course. It should be noted, however, that the LOs do not provide a ready-made ground training syllabus for individual ATOs, and should not be seen by organisations as a substitute for a thorough course design. Adherence to the LOs should become part of the ATO’s compliance monitoring scheme as required by ORA.GEN.200(a)(6).

ATOs are required to produce a training plan for each of their courses based on the instructional systems design (ISD) methodology as specified in AMC2 ORA.ATO.230.

Additional guidance on the meaning and taxonomy of the verbs used in the LOs can be found in GM1 FCL.310; FCL.515(b); FCL.615(b); FCL.835(d).

TRAINING AIMS

After completion of the training, a student pilot should:

— be able to understand and apply the subject knowledge in order to be able to identify and manage threats and errors effectively;

— meet at least the Area 100 KSA minimum standard.

INTERPRETATION

The abbreviations used are ICAO abbreviations listed in ICAO Doc 8400 ‘ICAO Abbreviations and Codes’, or those listed in GM1 FCL.010.

Where a LO refers to a definition, e.g. ‘Define the following terms’ or ‘Define and understand’ or ‘Explain the definitions in ...’, candidates are also expected to be able to recognise a given definition.

Below is a table showing the short references to applicable legislation and standards:

Reference	Legislation/Standard
The Basic Regulation	Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018
The Aircrew Regulation	Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 (as amended)
Part-FCL	Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 (as amended)
Part-MED	Annex IV to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 (as amended)
CS-23, AMC & GM to CS-23, CS-25, CS-27, CS-29, CS-E and CS-Definitions	Refer to the respective EASA Certification Specifications / AMC & GM
Single European Sky Regulations	Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 laying down the framework for the creation of the single European sky (the framework Regulation) Regulation (EC) No 550/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the provision of air navigation services in the single European sky (the service provision Regulation) Regulation (EC) No 551/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the organisation and use of the airspace in the single European sky (the airspace Regulation) Regulation (EC) No 552/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network (the interoperability Regulation)
Passenger Rights Regulation	Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 295/91
RTCA/EUROCAE	Refers to correspondingly numbered documents issued by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics/ European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
ITU Radio Regulation	International Telecommunication Union Radio Regulation
NASA TM-85652	National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Technical Memorandum 85652

‘Applicable operational requirements’ refers to, for the ATPL(A), CPL(A), ATPL(H)/IR, ATPL(H)/VFR, CPL(H), IR and CBIR, Annexes I, II, III, IV, V and VIII to Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 (as amended). For the BIR, it refers to Annexes I, II, V and VII to that Regulation.

The General Student Pilot Route Manual (GSPRM) contains planning data plus aerodrome and approach charts that may be used in theoretical knowledge training courses. The guidelines on its content can be found in this AMC, before the LO table for Subject 033 ‘Flight planning and monitoring’.

Excerpts from any aircraft manuals including but not limited to CAP 696, 697 and 698 for aeroplanes, and CAP 758 for helicopters may be used in training. Where questions refer to excerpts from aircraft manuals, the associated aircraft data will be provided in the examinations.

Some numerical data (e.g. speeds, altitudes/levels and masses) used in questions for theoretical knowledge examinations may not be representative for helicopter operations, but the data is satisfactory for the calculations required.

Note: In all subject areas, the term ‘mass’ is used to describe a quantity of matter, and ‘weight’ when describing the force. However, the term ‘weight’ is normally used in aviation to colloquially describe mass. The pilot should always note the units to determine whether the term ‘weight’ is being used to describe a force (e.g. unit newton) or quantity of matter (e.g. unit kilogram).

DETAILED THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE SYLLABUS AND LOs FOR ATPL, CPL, IR, CB-IR(A) and BIR

GENERAL

The detailed theoretical knowledge syllabus outlines the topics that should be taught and examined in order to meet the theoretical knowledge requirements appropriate to ATPL, MPL, CPL, IR, CB-IR(A) and BIR.

For each topic in the detailed theoretical knowledge syllabus, one or more LOs are set out in the appendices as shown below:

— Appendix 010 AIR LAW

— Appendix 021 AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE – AIRFRAME, SYSTEMS AND POWER PLANT

— Appendix 022 AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE – INSTRUMENTATION

— Appendix 031 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – MASS AND BALANCE

— Appendix 032 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – PERFORMANCE – AEROPLANES

— Appendix 033 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – FLIGHT PLANNING AND MONITORING

— Appendix 034 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – PERFORMANCE – HELICOPTERS

— Appendix 040 HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

— Appendix 050 METEOROLOGY

— Appendix 061 NAVIGATION – GENERAL NAVIGATION

— Appendix 062 NAVIGATION – RADIO NAVIGATION

— Appendix 070 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

— Appendix 081 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT – AEROPLANES

— Appendix 082 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT – HELICOPTERS

— Appendix 090 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

— Appendix AREA 100 KNOWLEGDE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES (KSA)

(b) Airships

SYLLABUS OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR CPL AND IR

The applicable items for each licence or rating are marked with ‘x’. An ‘x’ on the main title of a subject means that all the subdivisions are applicable.'

		CPL	IR
1.	AIR LAW AND ATC PROCEDURES	x
	INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONVENTIONS, AGREEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS
	AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT
	AIRCRAFT NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS
	PERSONNEL LICENSING		x
	RULES OF THE AIR		x
	PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES: AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS		x
	AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT		x
	AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICE		x
	AERODROMES		x
	FACILITATION
	SEARCH AND RESCUE
	SECURITY
	AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
2.	AIRSHIP GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: ENVELOPE, AIRFRAME AND SYSTEMS, ELECTRICS, POWERPLANT AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT	x
	DESIGN, MATERIALS, LOADS AND STRESSES
	ENVELOPE AND AIRBAGS
	FRAMEWORK
	GONDOLA
	FLIGHT CONTROLS
	LANDING GEAR
	HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS
	HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
	FUEL SYSTEM
	PISTON ENGINES
	TURBINE ENGINES (BASICS)
	ELECTRICS
	FIRE PROTECTION AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
	MAINTENANCE
3.	AIRSHIP GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: INSTRUMENTATION	x
	SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTS
	MEASUREMENT OF AIR DATA AND GAS PARAMETERS
	MAGNETISM: DIRECT READING COMPASS AND FLUX VALVE
	GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS
	COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
	ALERTING SYSTEMS
	INTEGRATED INSTRUMENTS: ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS
	FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (GENERAL BASICS)
	DIGITAL CIRCUITS AND COMPUTERS
4.	FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING	x
4.1.	MASS AND BALANCE: AIRSHIPS	x
	PURPOSE OF MASS AND BALANCE CONSIDERATIONS
	LOADING
	FUNDAMENTALS OF CG CALCULATIONS
	MASS AND BALANCE DETAILS OF AIRCRAFT
	DETERMINATION OF CG POSITION
	PASSENGER, CARGO AND BALLAST HANDLING
4.2.	FLIGHT PLANNING AND FLIGHT MONITORING
	FLIGHT PLANNING FOR VFR FLIGHTS	x
	FLIGHT PLANNING FOR IFR FLIGHTS		x
	FUEL PLANNING	x	x
	PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION	x	x
	ATS FLIGHT PLAN	x	x
	FLIGHT MONITORING AND IN-FLIGHT RE-PLANNING	x	x
4.3.	PERFORMANCE: AIRSHIPS	x
	AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS
	BASICS OF AIRSHIP PERFORMANCE
	DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
	STAGES OF FLIGHT
	USE OF FLIGHT MANUAL
5.	HUMAN PERFORMANCE	x
	HUMAN FACTORS: BASIC CONCEPTS
	BASIC AVIATION PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE
	BASIC AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY
6.	METEOROLOGY	x
	THE ATMOSPHERE
	WIND
	THERMODYNAMICS
	CLOUDS AND FOG
	PRECIPITATION
	AIR MASSES AND FRONTS
	PRESSURE SYSTEMS
	CLIMATOLOGY
	FLIGHT HAZARDS
	METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
7.	NAVIGATION
7.1.	GENERAL NAVIGATION	x
	BASICS OF NAVIGATION
	MAGNETISM AND COMPASSES
	CHARTS
	DR NAVIGATION
	IN-FLIGHT NAVIGATION
7.2.	RADIO NAVIGATION
	BASIC RADIO PROPAGATION THEORY	x	x
	RADIO AIDS	x	x
	RADAR	x	x
	INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
	AREA NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RNAV/FMS		x
	GNSS	x	x
8.	OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AIRSHIP	x
	GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
	SPECIAL OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND HAZARDS (GENERAL ASPECTS)
	EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
9.	PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT	x
9.1.	PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT: AIRSHIPS	x
	BASICS OF AEROSTATICS
	BASICS OF SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
	AERODYNAMICS OF AIRSHIPS
	STABILITY
	CONTROLLABILITY
	LIMITATIONS
	PROPELLERS
	BASICS OF AIRSHIP FLIGHT MECHANICS
10.	COMMUNICATIONS
10.1.	VFR COMMUNICATIONS	x
	DEFINITIONS	x
	GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES	x
	RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (VFR)	x
	ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE	x
	DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES	x
	GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND ALLOCATION OF FREQUENCIES	x
10.2.	IFR COMMUNICATIONS
	DEFINITIONS		x
	GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES		x
	ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE		x
	DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES		x
	RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (IFR)		x
	GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND ALLOCATION OF FREQUENCIES		x
	MORSE CODE		x

GM1 FCL.310; FCL.515(b); FCL.615(b); FCL.835(d) Theoretical knowledge examinations

ED Decision 2020/018/R

EXPLANATION OF THE VERBS USED IN THE BENJAMIN BLOOM TAXONOMY

(a) The depth or level of learning to be achieved during the training and the corresponding level of attainment to be examined or assessed is based on the following taxonomy. In each case, the level of knowledge or skill is signified by the learning objective (LO) verb.

(b) The majority of the LOs relate to the cognitive domain. The taxonomy described by B. Bloom (1956) and Anderson & Krathwohl (2001) has been used as the standard.

(c) The six sequential increasing levels of required cognitive learning are identified by the LO verb. Hence the lowest level ‘remember’ is signified by verbs such as ‘state’, ‘list’, ‘define’ and ‘recall’ whilst the next higher level of ‘understand’ is signified by verbs such as ‘describe’ and ‘explain’. The third level of ‘apply’ is signified by the verbs ‘calculate’, ‘interpret’, ‘relate’ and ‘solve’. However, the higher levels of ‘analyse’, which would be signified by the verbs ‘plan’ or ‘discuss’ and ‘evaluate’ and ‘create’ are less common due at least partially to questions presently possible in the ECQB examination.

(d) The LOs used in Area 100 KSA differ in that they require a combination of knowledge and skills. However, the ‘skill’ level does not relate to Bloom’s psychomotor taxonomy but is more closely aligned to the higher taxonomy levels required in medicine, because knowledge and skills must be combined by the student pilot in a strategy.

(e) The verbs ‘demonstrate’ and ‘show’, with their meanings defined below, have therefore been used to supplement the cognitive LO verbs for the Area 100 KSA LOs.

(1) ‘Demonstrate’ means the selection and use of the appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes within a strategy to achieve an effective outcome. It signifies a high taxonomy level and would normally be assessed using multiple indicators from more than one core competency.

(2) ‘Show’ means the attainment of knowledge, skill or attitude. It signifies a lower taxonomy level than ‘demonstrate’ and would normally be assessed by a single indicator.’

Easy Access Rules for Aircrew (Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011)

Filters

ANNEX I (Part-FCL)

SUBPART F – AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE – ATPL

SECTION 1 – Common requirements