Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that:
(a) aeronautical data and aeronautical information are provided in accordance with the specifications laid down in the aeronautical data catalogue, specified in Appendix 1 to Annex III (Part-ATM/ANS.OR);
(b) data quality is maintained; and
(c) automation is applied to enable the processing and exchange of digital aeronautical data.
ED Decision 2020/008/R
AERONAUTICAL DATA CATALOGUE
The aeronautical data catalogue presents the scope of data that can be collected and maintained by the AIS providers and provides a common terminology that can be used by data originators and service providers.
ED Decision 2020/008/R
DATA QUALITY
The quality of data is a degree or level of confidence that the data provided meets the requirements of the user. Minimum requirements for the processing of aeronautical data may be found in the EUROCAE Document ED-76A ‘Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data’ which aims to assist aeronautical data chain actors and authorities in meeting their responsibilities. It is intended to be used by organisations seeking approval of the method(s) they use to process or manipulate data.
ED Decision 2020/008/R
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING
Where processes or parts of processes used in the origination, production, storage, handling, processing, transfer and distribution of aeronautical data and aeronautical information are subject to automation, they should be:
(a) automated to a level commensurate with the context of the data process;
(b) automated to optimise the allocation and interaction of human and machine to achieve a high degree of safety and quality benefits of the process;
(c) automated to ensure traceability of the performed actions;
(d) designed to avoid the introduction of data errors; and
(e) designed to detect errors in received/input data.
AIS.OR.205 Formal arrangements
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that formal arrangements are established with:
(a) all parties transmitting data to them; and
(b) other AIS providers, when exchanging aeronautical data and aeronautical information with them.
AMC1 AIS.OR.205 Formal arrangements
ED Decision 2020/008/R
MINIMUM CONTENT
Formal arrangements should include the following minimum content:
(a) the aeronautical data to be provided;
(b) the data quality requirements (DQRs) for each data item supplied according to the aeronautical data catalogue;
(c) the method(s) for demonstrating that the data provided conforms with the specified requirements;
(d) the action to be taken in the event of discovery of a data error or inconsistency in any data provided;
(e) the following minimum criteria for notification of data changes:
(1) criteria for determining the timeliness of data provision based on the operational or safety significance of the change;
(2) any prior notice of expected changes; and
(3) the means to be adopted for notification;
(f) the party responsible for documenting data changes;
(g) data exchange details such as format or format change processes;
(h) any limitations on the use of data;
(i) requirements for the production of data origination quality reports;
(j) metadata requirements; and
(k) contingency requirements concerning the continuity of data provision.
AIS.OR.210 Exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that:
(a) the format of aeronautical data is based on an aeronautical information exchange model designed to be globally interoperable; and
(b) aeronautical data is exchanged through electronic means.
AMC1 AIS.OR.210(a) Exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information
ED Decision 2020/008/R
EXCHANGE MODEL
An AIS provider should use the aeronautical information exchange model (AIXM) to enable the management and distribution of aeronautical information services data in digital format.
GM1 AIS.OR.210(a) Exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information
ED Decision 2020/008/R
EXCHANGE MODEL
(a) AIXM 5.1 is considered as being the minimum baseline for the exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information.
(b) More information on the AIXM may be found under http://www.aixm.aero/.
GM2 AIS.OR.210(a) Exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information
ED Decision 2020/008/R
DIGITAL TERRAIN DATA
(a) The existing formats for the exchange of electronic terrain datasets do not fully meet the requirements of the ISO 19100 series on geographic information, therefore the GeoTIFF format and Shape file with metadata is preferred.
(b) The list of most used terrain formats can be found in Appendix D to the EUROCONTROL ‘Terrain and Obstacle Data (TOD) Manual’ (edition 2.2, dated 28 November 2019).
GM1 AIS.OR.210(b) Exchange of aeronautical data and information
ED Decision 2020/008/R
ELECTRONIC MEANS
The exchange of aeronautical data and aeronautical information may be done by a number of electronic exchanges avoiding the need of manual interaction with the data itself.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that tools and software used to support or automate aeronautical data and aeronautical information processes perform their functions without adversely impacting on the quality of aeronautical data and aeronautical information.
GM1 AIS.OR.215 Tools and software
ED Decision 2020/008/R
SOFTWARE
(a) A means by which AIS.OR.215 can be met, is through the verification of software applied to a known executable version of the software in its target operating environment.
(b) The verification of software is a process for ensuring that the software meets the requirements for the specified application or intended use of the aeronautical data and aeronautical information.
(c) The verification of software evaluates the output of an aeronautical data and/or aeronautical information software development process to ensure correctness and consistency with respect to the inputs and applicable software standards, rules and conventions used in that process.
GM2 AIS.OR.215 Tools and software
ED Decision 2020/008/R
TOOLS
Tools can be qualified meeting point 2.4.5 Aeronautical Data Tool Qualification of EUROCAE ED-76A/RTCA DO-200B ‘Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data’, dated June 2015.
AIS.OR.220 Validation and verification
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that verification and validation techniques are employed so that the aeronautical data meets the associated data quality requirements (DQRs) specified in point AIS.TR.200.
GM1 AIS.OR.220 Validation and verification
ED Decision 2020/008/R
GENERAL
(a) Validation
Validation is the activity where a data element is checked as having a value that is fully applicable to the identity ascribed to the data element, or a set of data elements is checked as being acceptable for their intended use.
The application of validation techniques considers the entire aeronautical data chain. This includes the validation performed by prior data chain participants and any requirements levied on the data supplier. Providing data integrity has been assured, there is no need to repeat earlier validations as a matter of course.
Examples of validation techniques include the following:
(1) Validation by application validates by applying data under test conditions. In certain cases, this may not be practical. Validation by application is considered to be the most effective form of validation. For example, flight inspection of final approach segment data prior to publication can be used to ensure that the published data is acceptable.
(2) Logical consistency validates by comparing two different data sets or elements and identifying inconsistencies between values based on operative rules (e.g. business rules).
(3) Semantic consistency validates by comparing data to an expected value or range of values for the data characteristics.
(4) Validation by sampling evaluates a representative sample of data and applies statistical analysis to determine the confidence in the data quality.
(b) Verification
Verification is a process for checking the integrity of a data element whereby the data element is compared to another source, either from a different process or from a different point in the same process. While verification cannot ensure that the data is correct, it can be effective to ensure that the data has not been corrupted by the data process.
The application of verification techniques considers only the portion of the aeronautical data chain controlled by the organisation. Yet, verification techniques may be applied at multiple phases of the data processing chain.
Examples of verification techniques include the following:
(1) Feedback testing is the comparison of a data set between its output and input state.
(2) Independent redundancy testing involves processing the same data through two or more independent processes and comparing the data output of each process.
(3) Update comparison involves comparison of updated data with its previous version. This comparison can identify all data elements that have changed. The list of changed elements can then be compared to a similar list generated by the supplier. A problem can be detected if an element is identified as changed on one list and not on the other.
AMC1 AIS.OR.220 Validation and verification
ED Decision 2020/008/R
DATA PROTECTION
(a) The processes implemented to carry out validation and verification should define the means used to:
(1) verify received data and confirm that the data has been received without corruption;
(2) preserve data quality and ensure that stored data is protected from corruption; and
(3) confirm that originated data has not been corrupted prior to being stored.
(b) Those processes should define the:
(1) actions to be taken when data fails a verification or validation check; and
(2) tools required for the verification and validation process.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall collect and preserve metadata.
ED Decision 2020/008/R
PERSONAL DATA
When collecting metadata, the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and with regard to the free movement of such data applies, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).
AIS.OR.230 Data error detection and authentication
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that:
(a) digital data error detection techniques are used during the transmission and/or storage of aeronautical data in order to support the applicable data integrity levels specified in point AIS.TR.200(c); and
(b) the transfer of aeronautical data is subject to a suitable authentication process such that recipients are able to confirm that the data or information has been transmitted by an authorised source.
GM1 AIS.OR.230 Data error detection and authentication
ED Decision 2020/008/R
GENERAL
More explanation and guidance on data security, including data error detection and authentication, may be found in Section 2 of EUROCAE ED-76A.
DATA ERROR DETECTION
An example of a digital error detection technique is the use of cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs). Coding techniques can be effective regardless of the transmission media (e.g. computer disks, modem communication, or internet).
GM1 AIS.OR.230(a) Data error detection and authentication
ED Decision 2020/008/R
ERROR
The term ‘error’ is understood as being defective, degraded, lost, misplaced or corrupted data elements, or data elements not meeting stated quality requirements.
AIS.OR.235 Error reporting, error measurement, and corrective actions
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall ensure that error reporting, error measurement and corrective action mechanisms are established and maintained.
GM1 AIS.OR.235 Error reporting, error measurement and corrective actions
ED Decision 2020/008/R
ERROR MANAGEMENT
(a) An AIS provider should have a system for handling errors and anomalies identified both during data processing and after delivery of the data to the users.
(b) All problems reported with the data should be analysed and any errors or anomalies documented and resolved or addressed.
(c) All errors or anomalies detected in the data should be resolved or addressed prior to delivery.
(d) Information concerning any errors in the data that have been delivered should be made available to all affected users.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
An AIS provider shall identify, in the aeronautical information products, except for NOTAM, the aeronautical data and aeronautical information that do not meet the DQRs.
AIS.OR.250 Consistency requirement
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/469
Where aeronautical data or aeronautical information is duplicated in the AIP of more than one Member State, the AIS providers responsible for those AIPs shall establish mechanisms to ensure consistency between the duplicated information.
AMC1 AIS.OR.250 Consistency requirement
ED Decision 2020/008/R
DUPLICATED INFORMATION
The AIS provider should ensure that:
(a) coordination and explicit agreement are established with the AIS providers responsible for the aeronautical information publications (AIPs) of the States concerned before introducing changes in published border or cross-border data and information; and
(b) periodic reviews are performed to detect inconsistencies between the AIPs of the States concerned.
GM1 AIS.OR.250 Consistency requirement
ED Decision 2020/008/R
DUPLICATED INFORMATION
(a) Coordination and alignment processes between AIS providers should whenever possible be expanded beyond the AIP content and include all duplicated aeronautical data and information.
(b) The AIS provider may identify and maintain a list of the data items and information which should be subject to coordination, for reference and use by its operational staff.
(c) When establishing periodic reviews, the AIS provider may reflect those in formal arrangements established with other AIS providers.