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Easy Access Rules for Small Rotorcraft (CS-27)

Amendment 10
28 Feb 2023
Last updated date
28 February 2023
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Easy Access Rules for Small Rotorcraft (CS-27)

Amendment 10

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Table of contents

  • Disclaimer
  • Note from the editor
  • Certification specification
    • Acceptable means of compliance
    • Guidance material
  • Incorporated amendments
  • Preamble
  • SUBPART A — GENERAL
    • AMC 27 General
    • CS 27.1 Applicability
      • Appendix C — Criteria for Category A
    • CS 27.2  Special Retroactive Requirements
  • SUBPART B – FLIGHT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.21  Proof of compliance
      • CS 27.25  Weight limits
      • CS 27.27  Centre of gravity limits
      • CS 27.29  Empty weight and corresponding centre of gravity
      • CS 27.31  Removable ballast
      • CS 27.33  Main rotor speed and pitch limits
    • PERFORMANCE
      • CS 27.45  General
        • AMC 27.45 Performance General
      • CS 27.49  Performance at minimum operating speed
      • CS 27.51  Take-off
      • CS 27.65  Climb: all-engines-operating
      • CS 27.67  Climb: one-engine-inoperative
      • CS 27.71  Glide performance
      • CS 27.75  Landing
      • CS 27.79  Limiting height-speed envelope
    • FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
      • CS 27.141 General
        • Appendix B – Airworthiness Criteria for Helicopter Instrument Flight
      • CS 27.143 Controllability and manoeuvrability
      • CS 27.151  Flight controls
      • CS 27.161  Trim control
      • CS 27.171  Stability: general
      • CS 27.173  Static longitudinal stability
      • CS 27.175  Demonstration of static longitudinal stability
      • CS 27.177  Static directional stability
    • GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS
      • CS 27.231  General
      • CS 27.235  Taxying condition
      • CS 27.239  Spray characteristics
      • CS 27.241  Ground resonance
    • MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS
      • CS 27.251  Vibration
        • AMC1 27.251 Vibration
  • SUBPART C – STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.301  Loads
      • CS 27.303  Factor of safety
      • CS 27.305  Strength and deformation
      • CS 27.307  Proof of structure
        • AMC1 27.307 Proof of structure
        • AMC2 27.307 Proof of structure
        • AMC3 27.307 Proof of structure
      • CS 27.309 Design limitations
    • FLIGHT LOADS
      • CS 27.321  General
      • CS 27.337  Limit manoeuvring load factor
        • AMC1 27.337 Limit manoeuvring load factor
      • CS 27.339  Resultant limit manoeuvring loads
      • CS 27.341  Gust loads
      • CS 27.351  Yawing conditions
        • AMC No 1 to CS 27.351 Yawing conditions
        • AMC No 2 to 27.351 Yaw manoeuvre conditions
      • CS 27.361  Engine torque
    • CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS
      • CS 27.391  General
      • CS 27.395  Control system
        • AMC1 27.395 Control system
      • CS 27.397  Limit pilot forces and torques
      • CS 27.399  Dual control system
      • CS 27.411  Ground clearance: tail rotor guard
      • CS 27.427  Unsymmetrical loads
        • AMC1 27.427 Unsymmetrical loads
    • GROUND LOADS
      • CS 27.471  General
      • CS 27.473  Ground loading conditions and assumptions
      • CS 27.475  Tyres and shock absorbers
      • CS 27.477  Landing gear arrangement
      • CS 27.479  Level landing conditions
      • CS 27.481  Tail-down landing conditions
      • CS 27.483  One-wheel landing conditions
      • CS 27.485  Lateral drift landing conditions
      • CS 27.493  Braked roll conditions
      • CS 27.497  Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels
      • CS 27.501  Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids
      • CS 27.505  Ski landing conditions
    • WATER LOADS
      • CS 27.521  Float landing conditions
    • MAIN COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS
      • CS 27.547 Main rotor structure
      • CS 27.549 Fuselage, landing gear, and rotor pylon structures
    • EMERGENCY LANDING CONDITIONS
      • CS 27.561  General
      • CS 27.562  Emergency landing dynamic conditions
      • CS 27.563  Structural ditching and emergency flotation provisions
        • AMC 27.563 Structural ditching and emergency flotation provisions
    • FATIGUE EVALUATION
      • CS 27.571  Fatigue evaluation of flight structure
        • AMC1 27.571 Fatigue evaluation of flight structure
      • CS 27.573  Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Composite Rotorcraft Structures
  • SUBPART D — DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.601  Design
      • CS 27.602  Critical parts
      • CS 27.603  Materials
      • CS 27.605  Fabrication methods
      • CS 27.607  Fasteners
        • AMC1 27.607 Fasteners
      • CS 27.609  Protection of structure
      • CS 27.610 Lightning and static electricity protection
        • AMC1 27.610 Lightning and static electricity protection
      • CS 27.611  Inspection provisions
      • CS 27.613  Material strength properties and design values
        • AMC1 27.613 Material strength properties and design values
      • CS 27.619  Special factors
      • CS 27.621  Casting factors
      • CS 27.623  Bearing factors
      • CS 27.625  Fitting factors
      • CS 27.629  Flutter
      • CS 27.631 Bird strike
        • AMC1 27.631 Bird strike
    • ROTORS
      • CS 27.653  Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades
      • CS 27.659  Mass balance
      • CS 27.661  Rotor blade clearance
      • CS 27.663  Ground resonance prevention means
    • CONTROL SYSTEMS
      • CS 27.671  General
      • CS 27.672  Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems
      • CS 27.673  Primary flight control
      • CS 27.674  Interconnected controls
      • CS 27.675  Stops
      • CS 27.679  Control system locks
      • CS 27.681  Limit load static tests
      • CS 27.683  Operation tests
      • CS 27.685  Control system details
      • CS 27.687  Spring devices
      • CS 27.691  Autorotation control mechanism
      • CS 27.695  Power boost and power-operated control system
    • LANDING GEAR
      • CS 27.723  Shock absorption tests
      • CS 27.725  Limit drop test
      • CS 27.727  Reserve energy absorption drop test
      • CS 27.729  Retracting mechanism
      • CS 27.731  Wheels
      • CS 27.733  Tyres
      • CS 27.735  Brakes
      • CS 27.737  Skis
    • FLOATS AND HULLS
      • CS 27.751  Main float buoyancy
      • CS 27.753  Main float design
      • CS 27.755  Hulls
    • PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS
      • CS 27.771  Pilot compartment
      • CS 27.773 Pilot compartment view
      • CS 27.775  Windshields and windows
      • CS 27.777  Cockpit controls
      • CS 27.779  Motion and effect of cockpit controls
      • CS 27.783  Doors
        • AMC 27.783  Doors
      • CS 27.785  Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses
      • CS 27.787  Cargo and baggage compartments
        • AMC1 27.787 Cargo and baggage compartments
      • CS 27.801  Ditching
        • AMC1 27.801 Ditching
        • AMC2 27.801(e) and 27.802(c) Model test method for flotation stability
          • Appendix 1 — Worked example
          • Appendix 2 — Test specification rationale
      • CS 27.802  Emergency Flotation
        • AMC 27.802 Emergency Flotation
      • CS 27.805  Flight crew emergency exits
        • AMC 27.805(c) Flight crew emergency exits
      • CS 27.807  Passenger emergency exits
        • AMC 27.807(d) Underwater emergency exits for passengers
      • CS 27.831  Ventilation
      • CS 27.833  Heaters
    • FIRE PROTECTION
      • CS 27.853  Compartment interiors
        • AMC1 27.853(c) Compartment interiors
      • CS 27.855  Cargo and baggage compartments
      • CS 27.859  Heating systems
      • CS 27.861  Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts
      • CS 27.863  Flammable fluid fire protection
    • EXTERNAL LOADS
      • CS 27.865 External loads
        • AMC 27.865  External Loads
        • AMC No 1 to CS 27.865  Class D (Human External Cargo) for Operations within Europe
        • AMC No 2 to CS 27.865  External loads
        • AMC No 3 27.865 External loads operations using simple personnel-carrying device systems
    • MISCELLANEOUS
      • CS 27.871  Levelling marks
      • CS 27.873  Ballast provisions
  • SUBPART E – POWERPLANT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.901  Installation
      • CS 27.903  Engines
        • AMC1 27.903(d) Engines
      • CS 27.907  Engine vibration
    • ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM
      • CS 27.917  Design
      • CS 27.921  Rotor brake
      • CS 27.923  Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests
        • AMC1 27.923 Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests
      • CS 27.927  Additional tests
        • AMC1 27.927 Additional tests
      • CS 27.931  Shafting critical speed
      • CS 27.935  Shafting joints
      • CS 27.939  Turbine engine operating characteristics
    • FUEL SYSTEM
      • CS 27.951  General
      • CS 27.952  Fuel system crash resistance
      • CS 27.953  Fuel system independence
      • CS 27.954  Fuel system lightning protection
      • CS 27.955 Fuel flow
      • CS 27.959  Unusable fuel supply
        • AMC1 27.959 Unusable fuel supply
      • CS 27.961  Fuel system hot weather operation
      • CS 27.963  Fuel tanks: general
      • CS 27.965  Fuel tank tests
        • AMC1 27.965 Fuel tank tests
      • CS 27.967  Fuel tank installation
      • CS 27.969  Fuel tank expansion space
      • CS 27.971  Fuel tank sump
      • CS 27.973  Fuel tank filler connection
      • CS 27.975  Fuel tank vents
      • CS 27.977  Fuel tank outlet
    • FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
      • CS 27.991  Fuel pumps
      • CS 27.993  Fuel system lines and fittings
      • CS 27.995  Fuel valves
      • CS 27.997  Fuel strainer or filter
      • CS 27.999  Fuel system drains
    • OIL SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1011  Engines: general
      • CS 27.1013  Oil tanks
      • CS 27.1015  Oil tank tests
      • CS 27.1017  Oil lines and fittings
      • CS 27.1019  Oil strainer or filter
      • CS 27.1021  Oil system drains
      • CS 27.1027  Transmissions and gearboxes: general
    • COOLING
      • CS 27.1041  General
      • CS 27.1043  Cooling tests
      • CS 27.1045  Cooling test procedures
        • AMC1 27.1045 Cooling test procedures
    • INDUCTION SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1091  Air induction
      • CS 27.1093  Induction system icing protection
        • AMC1 27.1093(b)(1)(i) Induction system icing protection
    • EXHAUST SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1121  General
      • CS 27.1123  Exhaust piping
    • POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES
      • CS 27.1141  Powerplant controls: general
      • CS 27.1143  Engine controls
      • CS 27.1145  Ignition switches
      • CS 27.1147  Mixture controls
      • CS 27.1151  Rotor brake controls
      • CS 27.1163  Powerplant accessories
    • POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION
      • CS 27.1183  Lines, fittings, and components
      • CS 27.1185  Flammable fluids
      • CS 27.1187  Ventilation and drainage
      • CS 27.1189  Shut-off means
      • CS 27.1191  Firewalls
      • CS 27.1193  Cowling and engine compartment covering
      • CS 27.1194  Other surfaces
      • CS 27.1195  Fire detector systems
  • SUBPART F — EQUIPMENT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.1301  Function and installation
        • AMC1 27.1301 Function and installation
      • CS 27.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the crew members
        • AMC 27.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the crew members
        • AMC 27.1302 APPENDIX 1: Related regulatory material and documents
        • GM1 27.1302 Explanatory material
        • GM2 27.1302 Examples of compliance matrices
      • CS 27.1303  Flight and navigation instruments
      • CS 27.1305 Powerplant instruments
        • AMC1 27.1305(l)(2) Powerplant instruments
      • CS 27.1307  Miscellaneous equipment
      • CS 27.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations
        • AMC1 27.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations
      • CS 27.1316 Electrical and electronic system lightning protection
      • CS 27.1317 High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) protection
        • Appendix D – HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels
      • CS 27.1319 Equipment, systems and network information security protection
        • AMC 27.1319 Equipment, systems and network information security protection
    • INSTRUMENTS: INSTALLATION
      • CS 27.1321  Arrangement and visibility
      • CS 27.1322  Warning, caution, and advisory lights
      • CS 27.1323  Airspeed indicating system
      • CS 27.1325  Static pressure systems
      • CS 27.1327  Magnetic direction indicator
      • CS 27.1329  Automatic pilot system
      • CS 27.1335  Flight director systems
      • CS 27.1337 Powerplant instruments
        • AMC1 27.1337(b) Powerplant instruments
        • AMC2 27.1337(e) Powerplant instruments
        • GM1 27.1337(e) Powerplant instruments
    • ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
      • CS 27.1351  General
      • CS 27.1353  Storage battery design and installation
      • CS 27.1357  Circuit protective devices
      • CS 27.1361  Master switch
      • CS 27.1365  Electric cables
      • CS 27.1367  Switches
    • LIGHTS
      • CS 27.1381  Instrument lights
      • CS 27.1383  Landing lights
      • CS 27.1385  Position light system installation
      • CS 27.1387  Position light system dihedral angles
      • CS 27.1389  Position light distribution and intensities
      • CS 27.1391  Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1393  Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1395  Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1397  Colour specifications
      • CS 27.1399  Riding light
      • CS 27.1401  Anti-collision light system
    • SAFETY EQUIPMENT
      • CS 27.1411  General
        • AMC 27.1411  Safety equipment – General
      • CS 27.1413  Safety belts
      • CS 27.1415  Ditching equipment
        • AMC 27.1415  Ditching equipment
      • CS 27.1419  Ice protection
      • CS 27.1435  Hydraulic systems
      • CS 27.1457  Cockpit voice recorders
      • CS 27.1458 Lightweight flight recorder
        • AMC1 27.1458 Lightweight flight recorder
      • CS 27.1459  Flight recorders
      • CS 27.1461  Equipment containing high energy rotors
      • CS 27.1470 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)
        • AMC 27.1470  Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)
  • SUBPART G – OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.1501 General
    • OPERATING LIMITATIONS
      • CS 27.1503  Airspeed limitations: general
      • CS 27.1505 Never-exceed speed
        • AMC1 27.1505 Never-exceed speed
      • CS 27.1509  Rotor speed
      • CS 27.1519  Weight and centre of gravity
      • CS 27.1521 Powerplant limitations
        • AMC1 27.1521 Powerplant limitations
      • CS 27.1523  Minimum flight crew
      • CS 27.1525  Kinds of operations
      • CS 27.1527  Maximum operating altitude
      • CS 27.1529  Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
        • Appendix A – Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
        • AMC1 27.1529 Instructions for continued airworthiness
    • MARKINGS AND PLACARDS
      • CS 27.1541  General
      • CS 27.1543  Instrument markings: general
      • CS 27.1545  Airspeed indicator
      • CS 27.1547  Magnetic direction indicator
      • CS 27.1549 Powerplant instruments
      • CS 27.1551  Oil quantity indicator
      • CS 27.1553  Fuel quantity indicator
      • CS 27.1555 Control markings
        • AMC1 27.1555 Control markings
        • AMC2 27.1555 Control markings
      • CS 27.1557  Miscellaneous markings and placards
      • CS 27.1559  Limitations placard
      • CS 27.1561  Safety equipment
        • AMC 27.1561  Safety equipment
      • CS 27.1565  Tail rotor
    • ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL AND APPROVED MANUAL MATERIAL
      • CS 27.1581  General
      • CS 27.1583 Operating limitations
      • CS 27.1585  Operating procedures
      • CS 27.1587  Performance information
        • AMC 27.1587(b)(3)  Performance Information
      • CS 27.1589  Loading information
      • CS 27.1593 Exposure to volcanic cloud hazards
        • AMC 27.1593 Exposure to volcanic cloud hazards
  • Miscellaneous guidance
    • MG 1  Certification procedure for rotorcraft avionics equipment
    • MG4 Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC)
    • MG5 Agricultural dispensing equipment installation
    • MG 6  Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems installations, including interior arrangements, equipment, Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS), radio altimeter, and Flight Data Monitoring System (FDMS)
    • MG 16  Certification guidance for rotorcraft Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) aircraft lighting systems
    • MG 17  Guidance on analysing an Advanced Flight Controls (AdFC) System
    • MG 21  Guidance on creating a system level Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)
    • MG 23  Automatic Flight Guidance and Control Systems (AFGCS) installation in CS-27 Rotorcraft
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