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Easy Access Rules for Small Rotorcraft (CS-27)

Amendment 10
28 Feb 2023
Last updated date
28 February 2023
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Easy Access Rules for Small Rotorcraft (CS-27)

Amendment 10

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Table of contents

  • Disclaimer
  • Note from the editor
  • Certification specification
    • Acceptable means of compliance
    • Guidance material
  • Incorporated amendments
  • Preamble
  • SUBPART A — GENERAL
    • AMC 27 General
    • CS 27.1 Applicability
      • Appendix C — Criteria for Category A
    • CS 27.2  Special Retroactive Requirements
  • SUBPART B – FLIGHT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.21  Proof of compliance
      • CS 27.25  Weight limits
      • CS 27.27  Centre of gravity limits
      • CS 27.29  Empty weight and corresponding centre of gravity
      • CS 27.31  Removable ballast
      • CS 27.33  Main rotor speed and pitch limits
    • PERFORMANCE
      • CS 27.45  General
        • AMC 27.45 Performance General
      • CS 27.49  Performance at minimum operating speed
      • CS 27.51  Take-off
      • CS 27.65  Climb: all-engines-operating
      • CS 27.67  Climb: one-engine-inoperative
      • CS 27.71  Glide performance
      • CS 27.75  Landing
      • CS 27.79  Limiting height-speed envelope
    • FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
      • CS 27.141 General
        • Appendix B – Airworthiness Criteria for Helicopter Instrument Flight
      • CS 27.143 Controllability and manoeuvrability
      • CS 27.151  Flight controls
      • CS 27.161  Trim control
      • CS 27.171  Stability: general
      • CS 27.173  Static longitudinal stability
      • CS 27.175  Demonstration of static longitudinal stability
      • CS 27.177  Static directional stability
    • GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS
      • CS 27.231  General
      • CS 27.235  Taxying condition
      • CS 27.239  Spray characteristics
      • CS 27.241  Ground resonance
    • MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS
      • CS 27.251  Vibration
        • AMC1 27.251 Vibration
  • SUBPART C – STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.301  Loads
      • CS 27.303  Factor of safety
      • CS 27.305  Strength and deformation
      • CS 27.307  Proof of structure
        • AMC1 27.307 Proof of structure
        • AMC2 27.307 Proof of structure
        • AMC3 27.307 Proof of structure
      • CS 27.309 Design limitations
    • FLIGHT LOADS
      • CS 27.321  General
      • CS 27.337  Limit manoeuvring load factor
        • AMC1 27.337 Limit manoeuvring load factor
      • CS 27.339  Resultant limit manoeuvring loads
      • CS 27.341  Gust loads
      • CS 27.351  Yawing conditions
        • AMC No 1 to CS 27.351 Yawing conditions
        • AMC No 2 to 27.351 Yaw manoeuvre conditions
      • CS 27.361  Engine torque
    • CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS
      • CS 27.391  General
      • CS 27.395  Control system
        • AMC1 27.395 Control system
      • CS 27.397  Limit pilot forces and torques
      • CS 27.399  Dual control system
      • CS 27.411  Ground clearance: tail rotor guard
      • CS 27.427  Unsymmetrical loads
        • AMC1 27.427 Unsymmetrical loads
    • GROUND LOADS
      • CS 27.471  General
      • CS 27.473  Ground loading conditions and assumptions
      • CS 27.475  Tyres and shock absorbers
      • CS 27.477  Landing gear arrangement
      • CS 27.479  Level landing conditions
      • CS 27.481  Tail-down landing conditions
      • CS 27.483  One-wheel landing conditions
      • CS 27.485  Lateral drift landing conditions
      • CS 27.493  Braked roll conditions
      • CS 27.497  Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels
      • CS 27.501  Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids
      • CS 27.505  Ski landing conditions
    • WATER LOADS
      • CS 27.521  Float landing conditions
    • MAIN COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS
      • CS 27.547 Main rotor structure
      • CS 27.549 Fuselage, landing gear, and rotor pylon structures
    • EMERGENCY LANDING CONDITIONS
      • CS 27.561  General
      • CS 27.562  Emergency landing dynamic conditions
      • CS 27.563  Structural ditching and emergency flotation provisions
        • AMC 27.563 Structural ditching and emergency flotation provisions
    • FATIGUE EVALUATION
      • CS 27.571  Fatigue evaluation of flight structure
        • AMC1 27.571 Fatigue evaluation of flight structure
      • CS 27.573  Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Composite Rotorcraft Structures
  • SUBPART D — DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.601  Design
      • CS 27.602  Critical parts
      • CS 27.603  Materials
      • CS 27.605  Fabrication methods
      • CS 27.607  Fasteners
        • AMC1 27.607 Fasteners
      • CS 27.609  Protection of structure
      • CS 27.610 Lightning and static electricity protection
        • AMC1 27.610 Lightning and static electricity protection
      • CS 27.611  Inspection provisions
      • CS 27.613  Material strength properties and design values
        • AMC1 27.613 Material strength properties and design values
      • CS 27.619  Special factors
      • CS 27.621  Casting factors
      • CS 27.623  Bearing factors
      • CS 27.625  Fitting factors
      • CS 27.629  Flutter
      • CS 27.631 Bird strike
        • AMC1 27.631 Bird strike
    • ROTORS
      • CS 27.653  Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades
      • CS 27.659  Mass balance
      • CS 27.661  Rotor blade clearance
      • CS 27.663  Ground resonance prevention means
    • CONTROL SYSTEMS
      • CS 27.671  General
      • CS 27.672  Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems
      • CS 27.673  Primary flight control
      • CS 27.674  Interconnected controls
      • CS 27.675  Stops
      • CS 27.679  Control system locks
      • CS 27.681  Limit load static tests
      • CS 27.683  Operation tests
      • CS 27.685  Control system details
      • CS 27.687  Spring devices
      • CS 27.691  Autorotation control mechanism
      • CS 27.695  Power boost and power-operated control system
    • LANDING GEAR
      • CS 27.723  Shock absorption tests
      • CS 27.725  Limit drop test
      • CS 27.727  Reserve energy absorption drop test
      • CS 27.729  Retracting mechanism
      • CS 27.731  Wheels
      • CS 27.733  Tyres
      • CS 27.735  Brakes
      • CS 27.737  Skis
    • FLOATS AND HULLS
      • CS 27.751  Main float buoyancy
      • CS 27.753  Main float design
      • CS 27.755  Hulls
    • PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS
      • CS 27.771  Pilot compartment
      • CS 27.773 Pilot compartment view
      • CS 27.775  Windshields and windows
      • CS 27.777  Cockpit controls
      • CS 27.779  Motion and effect of cockpit controls
      • CS 27.783  Doors
        • AMC 27.783  Doors
      • CS 27.785  Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses
      • CS 27.787  Cargo and baggage compartments
        • AMC1 27.787 Cargo and baggage compartments
      • CS 27.801  Ditching
        • AMC1 27.801 Ditching
        • AMC2 27.801(e) and 27.802(c) Model test method for flotation stability
          • Appendix 1 — Worked example
          • Appendix 2 — Test specification rationale
      • CS 27.802  Emergency Flotation
        • AMC 27.802 Emergency Flotation
      • CS 27.805  Flight crew emergency exits
        • AMC 27.805(c) Flight crew emergency exits
      • CS 27.807  Passenger emergency exits
        • AMC 27.807(d) Underwater emergency exits for passengers
      • CS 27.831  Ventilation
      • CS 27.833  Heaters
    • FIRE PROTECTION
      • CS 27.853  Compartment interiors
        • AMC1 27.853(c) Compartment interiors
      • CS 27.855  Cargo and baggage compartments
      • CS 27.859  Heating systems
      • CS 27.861  Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts
      • CS 27.863  Flammable fluid fire protection
    • EXTERNAL LOADS
      • CS 27.865 External loads
        • AMC 27.865  External Loads
        • AMC No 1 to CS 27.865  Class D (Human External Cargo) for Operations within Europe
        • AMC No 2 to CS 27.865  External loads
        • AMC No 3 27.865 External loads operations using simple personnel-carrying device systems
    • MISCELLANEOUS
      • CS 27.871  Levelling marks
      • CS 27.873  Ballast provisions
  • SUBPART E – POWERPLANT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.901  Installation
      • CS 27.903  Engines
        • AMC1 27.903(d) Engines
      • CS 27.907  Engine vibration
    • ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM
      • CS 27.917  Design
      • CS 27.921  Rotor brake
      • CS 27.923  Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests
        • AMC1 27.923 Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests
      • CS 27.927  Additional tests
        • AMC1 27.927 Additional tests
      • CS 27.931  Shafting critical speed
      • CS 27.935  Shafting joints
      • CS 27.939  Turbine engine operating characteristics
    • FUEL SYSTEM
      • CS 27.951  General
      • CS 27.952  Fuel system crash resistance
      • CS 27.953  Fuel system independence
      • CS 27.954  Fuel system lightning protection
      • CS 27.955 Fuel flow
      • CS 27.959  Unusable fuel supply
        • AMC1 27.959 Unusable fuel supply
      • CS 27.961  Fuel system hot weather operation
      • CS 27.963  Fuel tanks: general
      • CS 27.965  Fuel tank tests
        • AMC1 27.965 Fuel tank tests
      • CS 27.967  Fuel tank installation
      • CS 27.969  Fuel tank expansion space
      • CS 27.971  Fuel tank sump
      • CS 27.973  Fuel tank filler connection
      • CS 27.975  Fuel tank vents
      • CS 27.977  Fuel tank outlet
    • FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
      • CS 27.991  Fuel pumps
      • CS 27.993  Fuel system lines and fittings
      • CS 27.995  Fuel valves
      • CS 27.997  Fuel strainer or filter
      • CS 27.999  Fuel system drains
    • OIL SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1011  Engines: general
      • CS 27.1013  Oil tanks
      • CS 27.1015  Oil tank tests
      • CS 27.1017  Oil lines and fittings
      • CS 27.1019  Oil strainer or filter
      • CS 27.1021  Oil system drains
      • CS 27.1027  Transmissions and gearboxes: general
    • COOLING
      • CS 27.1041  General
      • CS 27.1043  Cooling tests
      • CS 27.1045  Cooling test procedures
        • AMC1 27.1045 Cooling test procedures
    • INDUCTION SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1091  Air induction
      • CS 27.1093  Induction system icing protection
        • AMC1 27.1093(b)(1)(i) Induction system icing protection
    • EXHAUST SYSTEM
      • CS 27.1121  General
      • CS 27.1123  Exhaust piping
    • POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES
      • CS 27.1141  Powerplant controls: general
      • CS 27.1143  Engine controls
      • CS 27.1145  Ignition switches
      • CS 27.1147  Mixture controls
      • CS 27.1151  Rotor brake controls
      • CS 27.1163  Powerplant accessories
    • POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION
      • CS 27.1183  Lines, fittings, and components
      • CS 27.1185  Flammable fluids
      • CS 27.1187  Ventilation and drainage
      • CS 27.1189  Shut-off means
      • CS 27.1191  Firewalls
      • CS 27.1193  Cowling and engine compartment covering
      • CS 27.1194  Other surfaces
      • CS 27.1195  Fire detector systems
  • SUBPART F — EQUIPMENT
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.1301  Function and installation
        • AMC1 27.1301 Function and installation
      • CS 27.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the crew members
        • AMC 27.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the crew members
        • AMC 27.1302 APPENDIX 1: Related regulatory material and documents
        • GM1 27.1302 Explanatory material
        • GM2 27.1302 Examples of compliance matrices
      • CS 27.1303  Flight and navigation instruments
      • CS 27.1305 Powerplant instruments
        • AMC1 27.1305(l)(2) Powerplant instruments
      • CS 27.1307  Miscellaneous equipment
      • CS 27.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations
        • AMC1 27.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations
      • CS 27.1316 Electrical and electronic system lightning protection
      • CS 27.1317 High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) protection
        • Appendix D – HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels
      • CS 27.1319 Equipment, systems and network information security protection
        • AMC 27.1319 Equipment, systems and network information security protection
    • INSTRUMENTS: INSTALLATION
      • CS 27.1321  Arrangement and visibility
      • CS 27.1322  Warning, caution, and advisory lights
      • CS 27.1323  Airspeed indicating system
      • CS 27.1325  Static pressure systems
      • CS 27.1327  Magnetic direction indicator
      • CS 27.1329  Automatic pilot system
      • CS 27.1335  Flight director systems
      • CS 27.1337 Powerplant instruments
        • AMC1 27.1337(b) Powerplant instruments
        • AMC2 27.1337(e) Powerplant instruments
        • GM1 27.1337(e) Powerplant instruments
    • ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
      • CS 27.1351  General
      • CS 27.1353  Storage battery design and installation
      • CS 27.1357  Circuit protective devices
      • CS 27.1361  Master switch
      • CS 27.1365  Electric cables
      • CS 27.1367  Switches
    • LIGHTS
      • CS 27.1381  Instrument lights
      • CS 27.1383  Landing lights
      • CS 27.1385  Position light system installation
      • CS 27.1387  Position light system dihedral angles
      • CS 27.1389  Position light distribution and intensities
      • CS 27.1391  Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1393  Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1395  Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights
      • CS 27.1397  Colour specifications
      • CS 27.1399  Riding light
      • CS 27.1401  Anti-collision light system
    • SAFETY EQUIPMENT
      • CS 27.1411  General
        • AMC 27.1411  Safety equipment – General
      • CS 27.1413  Safety belts
      • CS 27.1415  Ditching equipment
        • AMC 27.1415  Ditching equipment
      • CS 27.1419  Ice protection
      • CS 27.1435  Hydraulic systems
      • CS 27.1457  Cockpit voice recorders
      • CS 27.1458 Lightweight flight recorder
        • AMC1 27.1458 Lightweight flight recorder
      • CS 27.1459  Flight recorders
      • CS 27.1461  Equipment containing high energy rotors
      • CS 27.1470 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)
        • AMC 27.1470  Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)
  • SUBPART G – OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
    • GENERAL
      • CS 27.1501 General
    • OPERATING LIMITATIONS
      • CS 27.1503  Airspeed limitations: general
      • CS 27.1505 Never-exceed speed
        • AMC1 27.1505 Never-exceed speed
      • CS 27.1509  Rotor speed
      • CS 27.1519  Weight and centre of gravity
      • CS 27.1521 Powerplant limitations
        • AMC1 27.1521 Powerplant limitations
      • CS 27.1523  Minimum flight crew
      • CS 27.1525  Kinds of operations
      • CS 27.1527  Maximum operating altitude
      • CS 27.1529  Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
        • Appendix A – Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
        • AMC1 27.1529 Instructions for continued airworthiness
    • MARKINGS AND PLACARDS
      • CS 27.1541  General
      • CS 27.1543  Instrument markings: general
      • CS 27.1545  Airspeed indicator
      • CS 27.1547  Magnetic direction indicator
      • CS 27.1549 Powerplant instruments
      • CS 27.1551  Oil quantity indicator
      • CS 27.1553  Fuel quantity indicator
      • CS 27.1555 Control markings
        • AMC1 27.1555 Control markings
        • AMC2 27.1555 Control markings
      • CS 27.1557  Miscellaneous markings and placards
      • CS 27.1559  Limitations placard
      • CS 27.1561  Safety equipment
        • AMC 27.1561  Safety equipment
      • CS 27.1565  Tail rotor
    • ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL AND APPROVED MANUAL MATERIAL
      • CS 27.1581  General
      • CS 27.1583 Operating limitations
      • CS 27.1585  Operating procedures
      • CS 27.1587  Performance information
        • AMC 27.1587(b)(3)  Performance Information
      • CS 27.1589  Loading information
      • CS 27.1593 Exposure to volcanic cloud hazards
        • AMC 27.1593 Exposure to volcanic cloud hazards
  • Miscellaneous guidance
    • MG 1  Certification procedure for rotorcraft avionics equipment
    • MG4 Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC)
    • MG5 Agricultural dispensing equipment installation
    • MG 6  Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems installations, including interior arrangements, equipment, Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS), radio altimeter, and Flight Data Monitoring System (FDMS)
    • MG 16  Certification guidance for rotorcraft Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) aircraft lighting systems
    • MG 17  Guidance on analysing an Advanced Flight Controls (AdFC) System
    • MG 21  Guidance on creating a system level Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)
    • MG 23  Automatic Flight Guidance and Control Systems (AFGCS) installation in CS-27 Rotorcraft

SUBPART G – OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION

GENERAL

CS 27.1501 General

ED Decision 2016/024/R

(a) Each operating limitation specified in CS 27.1503 to 27.1525 and other limitations and information necessary for safe operation must be established.

(b) The operating limitations and other information necessary for safe operation must be made available to the crew members as prescribed in CS 27.1541 to 27.1593.

[Amdt 27/4]

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