CS 27.853 Compartment interiors
ED Decision 2003/15/RM
For each compartment to be used by the crew or passengers:
(a) The materials must be at least flame resistant;
(b) (Reserved)
(c) If smoking is to be prohibited, there must be a placard so stating, and if smoking is to be allowed:
(1) There must be an adequate number of self-contained, removable ashtrays; and
(2) Where the crew compartment is separated from the passenger compartment, there must be at least one illuminated sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying all passengers when smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify when smoking is prohibited must:
(i) When illuminated, be legible to each passenger seated in the passenger cabin under all probable lighting conditions; and
(ii) Be so constructed that the crew can turn the illumination on and off.
AMC1 27.853(c) Compartment interiors
ED Decision 2023/001/R
PROHIBITION OF SMOKING
CS 27.853(c) requires that if smoking is to be prohibited, a placard so stating must be installed.
A single placard, installed such that it is clearly visible to all passengers whilst seated, is an acceptable means of compliance. Alternatively, more than one placard may be installed, in locations such that at least one placard is clearly visible to each passenger when seated.
A placard may have a text-based design, or may utilise symbols that clearly express the intent.
[Amdt 27/10]
CS 27.855 Cargo and baggage compartments
ED Decision 2003/15/RM
(a) Each cargo and baggage compartment must be constructed of, or lined with, materials that are at least:
(1) Flame resistant, in the case of compartments that are readily accessible to a crew member in flight; and
(2) Fire resistant, in the case of other compartments.
(b) No compartment may contain any controls, wiring, lines, equipment, or accessories whose damage or failure would affect safe operation, unless those items are protected so that:
(1) They cannot be damaged by the movement of cargo in the compartment; and
(2) Their breakage or failure will not create a fire hazard.
ED Decision 2003/15/RM
(a) General. For each heating system that involves the passage of cabin air over, or close to, the exhaust manifold, there must be means to prevent carbon monoxide from entering any cabin or pilot compartment.
(b) Heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger must be:
(1) Of suitable materials;
(2) Adequately cooled under all conditions; and
(3) Easily disassembled for inspection.
(c) Combustion heater fire protection. Except for heaters which incorporate designs to prevent hazards in the event of fuel leakage in the heater fuel system, fire within the ventilating air passage, or any other heater malfunction, each heater zone must incorporate the fire protection features of the applicable requirements of CS 27.1183, 27.1185, 27.1189, 27.1191, and be provided with –
(1) Approved, quick-acting fire detectors in numbers and locations ensuring prompt detection of fire in the heater region.
(2) Fire extinguisher systems that provide at least one adequate discharge to all areas of the heater region.
(3) Complete drainage of each part of each zone to minimise the hazards resulting from failure or malfunction of any component containing flammable fluids. The drainage means must be:
(i) Effective under conditions expected to prevail when drainage is needed; and
(ii) Arranged so that no discharged fluid will cause an additional fire hazard.
(4) Ventilation, arranged so that no discharged vapours will cause an additional fire hazard.
(d) Ventilating air ducts. Each ventilating air duct passing through any heater region must be fireproof.
(1) Unless isolation is provided by fireproof valves or by equally effective means, the ventilating air duct downstream of each heater must be fireproof for a distance great enough to ensure that any fire originating in the heater can be contained in the duct.
(2) Each part of any ventilating duct passing through any region having a flammable fluid system must be so constructed or isolated from that system that the malfunctioning of any component of that system cannot introduce flammable fluids or vapours into the ventilating airstream.
(e) Combustion air ducts. Each combustion air duct must be fireproof for a distance great enough to prevent damage from backfiring or reverse flame propagation.
(1) No combustion air duct may connect with the ventilating airstream unless flames from back-fires or reverse burning cannot enter the ventilating airstream under any operating condition, including reverse flow or malfunction of the heater or its associated components.
(2) No combustion air duct may restrict the prompt relief of any backfire that, if so restricted, could cause heater failure.
(f) Heater control. General. There must be means to prevent the hazardous accumulation of water or ice on or in any heater control component, control system tubing, or safety control.
(g) Heater safety controls. For each combustion heater, safety control means must be provided as follows:
(1) Means independent of the components provided for the normal continuous control of air temperature, airflow, and fuel flow must be provided for each heater to automatically shut off the ignition and fuel supply of that heater at a point remote from that heater when any of the following occurs:
(i) The heat exchanger temperature exceeds safe limits.
(ii) The ventilating air temperature exceeds safe limits.
(iii) The combustion airflow becomes inadequate for safe operation.
(iv) The ventilating airflow becomes inadequate for safe operation.
(2) The means of complying with sub-paragraph (g)(1) for any individual heater must:
(i) Be independent of components serving any other heater, the heat output of which is essential for safe operation; and
(ii) Keep the heater off until restarted by the crew.
(3) There must be means to warn the crew when any heater, the heat output of which is essential for safe operation, has been shut off by the automatic means prescribed in sub-paragraph (g)(1).
(h) Air intakes. Each combustion and heat-ventilating air intake must be located so that no flammable fluids or vapours can enter the heater system:
(1) During normal operation; or
(2) As a result of the malfunction of any other component.
(i) Heater exhaust. Each heater exhaust system must meet the requirements of CS 27.1121 and 27.1123.
(1) Each exhaust shroud must be sealed so that no flammable fluids or hazardous quantities of vapours can reach the exhaust system through joints.
(2) No exhaust system may restrict the prompt relief of any backfire that, if so restricted, could cause heater failure.
(j) Heater fuel systems. Each heater fuel system must meet the powerplant fuel system requirements affecting safe heater operation. Each heater fuel system component in the ventilating airstream must be protected by shrouds so that no leakage from those components can enter the ventilating airstream.
(k) Drains. There must be means for safe drainage of any fuel that might accumulate in the combustion chamber or the heat exchanger.
(1) Each part of any drain that operates at high temperatures must be protected in the same manner as heater exhausts.
(2) Each drain must be protected against hazardous ice accumulation under any operating condition.
CS 27.861 Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts
ED Decision 2003/15/RM
Each part of the structure, controls, rotor mechanism, and other parts essential to a controlled landing that would be affected by powerplant fires must be fireproof or protected so they can perform their essential functions for at least 5 minutes under any foreseeable powerplant fire conditions.
CS 27.863 Flammable fluid fire protection
ED Decision 2003/15/RM
(a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapours might escape by leakage of a fluid system, there must be means to minimise the probability of ignition of the fluids and vapours, and the resultant hazards if ignition does occur.
(b) Compliance with sub-paragraph (a) must be shown by analysis or tests, and the following factors must be considered:
(1) Possible sources and paths of fluid leakage, and means of detecting leakage.
(2) Flammability characteristics of fluids, including effects of any combustible or absorbing materials.
(3) Possible ignition sources, including electrical faults, over-heating of equipment, and malfunctioning of protective devices.
(4) Means available for controlling or extinguishing a fire, such as stopping flow of fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents.
(5) Ability of rotorcraft components that are critical to safety of flight to withstand fire and heat.
(c) If action by the flight crew is required to prevent or counteract a fluid fire (e.g. equipment shutdown or actuation of a fire extinguisher) quick acting means must be provided to alert the crew.
(d) Each area where flammable fluids or vapours might escape by leakage of a fluid system must be identified and defined.