BFCL.200  Tethered hot-air balloon flight rating

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) A BPL holder shall undertake tethered flights with hot-air balloons only if he or she holds a tethered hot-air balloon flight rating in accordance with this point.

(b) To apply for a tethered hot-air balloon flight rating, the applicant shall:

(1) have privileges for the hot-air balloon class;

(2) first complete at least two tethered hot-air balloon instruction flights.

(c) The completion of the tethered hot-air balloon training shall be entered in the logbook and signed by the FI(B) who is responsible for the training.

(d) A pilot who holds a tethered hot-air balloon flight rating shall exercise his or her privileges only if he or she has completed at least one tethered hot-air balloon flight during the 48 months preceding the planned flight, or, if he or she has not performed such a flight, the pilot shall exercise his or her privileges if they have performed a tethered hot-air balloon flight flying dual or solo under the supervision of an FI(B). The completion of such dual or solo flight under supervision shall be entered in the pilots logbook and signed by the FI(B).

GM1 BFCL.200  Tethered hot-air balloon flight rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

TETHERED ACTIVITY WITHOUT TAKING OFF

A tethered activity where the balloon does not leave the ground is not considered a flight. Such an activity is not eligible to count for initial training or recency for the tethered hot-air balloon flight rating.

AMC1 BFCL.200(b)(2)  Tethered hot-air balloon flight rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

FLIGHT INSTRUCTION FOR THE HOT-AIR BALLOON TETHERED FLIGHT RATING

The instruction flights should cover the following training items:

(a) ground preparations;

(b) weather suitability;

(c) tether points:

(1) upwind; and

(2) downwind;

(d) tether ropes (at least a three-point system, as per the applicable flight manual);

(e) maximum all-up-weight limitation;

(f) crowd control;

(g) pre-take-off checks and briefings;

(h) heating for controlled lift off;

(i) ‘hands off and hands on’ procedure for ground crew;

(j) assessment of lift;

(k) assessment of wind and obstacles;

(l) take-off and controlled climb (at least up to 60 ft (20 m)); and

(m) passenger exchange procedures.

BFCL.210  Night rating

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) A BPL holder shall exercise the privileges of his or her licence in VFR conditions at night only if he or she holds a night rating in accordance with this point.

(b) An applicant for a night rating shall have completed at least two instruction flights at night of at least one hour each.

(c) The completion of the night rating training shall be entered in the logbook and signed by the FI(B) who is responsible for the training.

AMC1 BFCL.210(b)  Night rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

INSTRUCTION FLIGHTS FOR THE NIGHT RATING

The instruction flights should cover the following training items:

(a) medical or physiological aspects of night vision;

(b) flight planning, taking into account the obstacles on the ground, night VMC minima and airspace;

(c) use of lights for assembly, layout and inflation;

(d) requirement for torch to be carried, (pre-flight inspection, etc.);

(e) use of the external and instrument lights;

(f) night take-off procedure;

(g) checklist procedures at night;

(h) emergency procedures at night;

(i) night cross-country techniques, as appropriate;

(j) navigation principles at night;

(k) night landings (emergency procedure in the case of hot-air balloons);

(l) balloon performance (e.g. fuel/ballast consumption) at night; and

(m) map marking for night use (highlighting built-up or lit areas with thicker lines, etc.).

GM1 BFCL.210(c)  Night rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

DURATION OF THE NIGHT RATING TRAINING

The two training flights stipulated in point BFCL.210(b) constitute the minimum amount of training needed in the case of experienced pilots. The instructor may conduct additional training flights, as necessary for the candidate to acquire the competence needed for night flying, before entering the completion of training in the candidate’s logbook.

BFCL.215  Commercial operation rating

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) A BPL holder shall exercise the privileges of his or her licence during commercial operations with balloons only if he or she holds a commercial operation rating in accordance with this point.

(b) An applicant for a commercial operation rating shall:

(1) have attained the age of 18 years;

(2) have completed 50 hours of flight time and 50 take-offs and landings as PIC on balloons;

(3) have the privileges for the class of balloon in which the privileges of the commercial operation rating will be exercised; and

(4) have passed a skill test on the relevant class of balloon during which he or she shall demonstrate to an FE(B) the competence required for commercial balloon operations.

(c) The privileges of the commercial operation rating shall be limited to the class of balloon in which the skill test in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) has been completed. The privileges shall be extended upon application to another class of balloon if, in that other class, the applicant complies with paragraph (b)(3) and (b)(4).

(d) A pilot who holds a commercial operation rating shall exercise the privileges of that rating in commercial passenger ballooning only if he or she has completed:

(1) within the 180 days preceding the planned flight:

(i) at least three flights as PIC in balloons, of which at least one shall be in a balloon of the relevant class; or

(ii) one flight as PIC in a balloon of the relevant class under the supervision of an FI(B) who is qualified in accordance with this point; and

(2) within the 24 months preceding the planned flight:

(i) a proficiency check, in a balloon of the relevant class, during which he or she shall demonstrate to an FE(B) the competence required for commercial passenger ballooning; or

(ii) a refresher course at an ATO or a DTO, tailored to the competence required for commercial balloon operations, including at least six hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and one training flight in a balloon of the relevant class with an FI(B) who is qualified for commercial balloon operations in accordance with this point.

(e) To maintain the privileges of the commercial operation rating for all balloon classes, a pilot who holds a commercial operation rating with privileges extended to more than one class of balloons shall comply with the requirements in paragraph (d)(2) in at least one class of balloons.

(f) A pilot who complies with paragraph (d) and holds a commercial operation rating for the hot-air balloon class shall exercise the privileges of that rating in the hot-air balloon class only on balloons that represent:

(i) the same group of the hot-air balloon in which the proficiency check as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) or the training flight as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(ii), have been completed; or

(ii) a hot-air balloon group with a smaller envelope size.

(g) The completion of the flight under supervision as specified in paragraph (d)(1)(ii), the proficiency check as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) and the refresher training course as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) shall be entered in the logbook of the pilot and shall be signed by the head of training of the ATO or the DTO, or the FI(B) or the FE(B) that is responsible for the training course, the supervision or the proficiency check, as applicable.

(h) A pilot who has completed an operator proficiency check in accordance with point BOP.ADD.315 of Annex II (Part- BOP) to this Regulation shall be deemed to comply with paragraph (d)(2)(i).

AMC1 BFCL.215(b)(4)  Commercial operation rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

SKILL TEST FOR THE COMMERCIAL OPERATION RATING

(a) GENERAL

(1) The take-off site should be chosen by the applicant depending on the actual meteorological conditions, the area which has to be overflown, and the possible options for suitable landing sites. The applicant should be responsible for the flight planning and should ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board.

(2) The skill test may be conducted in two flights. The total duration of the flight(s) should be at least 45 minutes.

(3) An applicant should indicate to the FE(B) the checks and duties carried out. Checks should be completed in accordance with the flight manual or the authorised checklist for the balloon or hot-air airship on which the test is being taken. During pre-flight preparation for the test, the applicant should be required to perform crew and passenger briefings and demonstrate crowd control. The load calculation should be performed by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the balloon used.

(b) FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE

(1) The applicant should demonstrate the ability to:

(i) operate the balloon or hot-air airship within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgment and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the balloon or the hot-air airship at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.

(2) The following limits are for general guidance. The FE(B) should make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the balloon or hot-air airship used:

Height

(i) normal flight: ± 100 ft

(ii) with simulated emergency: ± 150 ft

(c) CONTENT OF THE SKILL TEST

(1) The skill test contents and sections set out in this point should be used for the skill test for the issue of a commercial operation rating in the hot-air balloon class:

Note: Use of checklist(s), airmanship, control of balloon by external visual reference, look-out procedures, etc. apply in all sections.

(2) The skill test contents and sections set out in this point should be used for the skill test for the issue of a commercial operation rating in the gas balloon class:

Note: Use of checklist(s), airmanship, control of balloon by external visual reference, look-out procedures, etc. apply in all sections.

(3) The skill test contents and sections set out in this point should be used for the skill test for the issue of a commercial operation rating in the hot-air airship class:

Note: Use of checklist(s), airmanship, control of hot air airship by external visual reference, look-out procedures, etc. apply in all sections.

AMC1 BFCL.215(d)(1)(i)  Commercial operation rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

CRITERIA FOR RECENCY FLIGHTS AS PIC

(a) In order to count as a flight in terms of point BFCL.215(d)(1)(i), the flight should:

(1) have a duration of at least 10 minutes;

(2) reach the minimum standard flight altitude as per point (f) of point SERA.5005 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 923/2012; and

(3) be completed by a full stop of the basket on the ground.

(b) Every flight phase that complies with points (1) to (3) of point (a) during a single balloon operation should be deemed as a separate flight.

AMC1 BFCL.215(d)(2)(i)  Commercial operation rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

PROFICIENCY CHECK

(a) For the proficiency check as per point BFCL.215(d)(2)(i), the content of the skill test for initial issue of the commercial operation rating as set out in AMC1 BFCL.215(b)(4) should be used. Additionally, the examiner should assess the candidate’s knowledge of recent aeronautical information circulars (AICs) and NOTAMs.

(b) The proficiency check may be conducted during a commercial passenger ballooning (CPB) operation, provided that abnormal and emergency procedures are simulated before or after the flight on the ground without passengers on board.

AMC1 BFCL.215(d)(2)(i); BFCL.215(h)  Commercial operation rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

CREDITS FOR A PROFICIENCY CHECK IN ACCORDANCE WITH PART-BOP

The holder of a commercial operation rating should be deemed to comply with point BFCL.215(d)(2)(i) as long as the latest operator proficiency check completed in accordance with point BOP.ADD.315 of Annex II (Part-BOP) is still valid, provided that this operator proficiency check included procedures for commercial passenger ballooning.

AMC1 BFCL.215(d)(2)(ii)  Commercial operation rating

ED Decision 2020/003/R

REFRESHER COURSE

(a) THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTION

The 6 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction should include at least all of the following:

(1) Evaluation of passengers:

(i) assessment of fitness of passengers;

(ii) criteria to decline to carry a passenger; and

(iii) special factors for disabled or limited mobility passengers;

(2) Passenger briefings:

(i) use of briefing cards;

(ii) pre-inflation briefing;

(iii) pre-launch briefing; and

(iv) pre-landing briefing;

(3) Passenger embarkation:

(i) procedures for safe embarkation;

(ii) use of ground crew to assist with embarkation;

(iii) positioning of passengers in the basket for weight, balance and management; and

(iv) factors concerning passengers’ personal property;

(4) Passenger care for landing:

(i) use of seats where fitted;

(ii) stowage of passengers’ personal equipment; and

(iii) special factors in case of more than 19 passengers on board, in which case an additional crew member is required in accordance with point BOP.ADD.410 of Annex II (Part-BOP);

(5) Emergency procedures:

(i) fire in the air;

(ii) fire on the ground;

(iii) fuel system failures;

(iv) deflation system failures;

(v) fast landing;

(vi) hard landing; and

(vii) passenger incapacitation in flight; and

(6) Documentation:

(i) loading calculation;

(ii) fuel calculation;

(iii) completion of passenger manifest; and

(iv) dealing with last-minute changes.

(b) TRAINING FLIGHT

(1) A training flight as stipulated in point BFCL.215(d)(2)(ii) should be a flight that:

(i) follows the content of the skill test for initial issue of the commercial operation rating as set out in AMC1 BFCL.215(b)(4); and

(ii) is conducted on a one-to-one basis between one pilot and one instructor only, with no other pilot on board who is taking credit for that flight.

(2) Each training flight should be preceded with a briefing and closed with a debriefing between the instructor and the candidate. In order to add value to the training flight, any element of flying a balloon where candidates feel they would benefit from instruction should be discussed. The flight should then be focused on those specific elements with an instructor demonstration prior to candidate practice being performed.

(3) The training flight may be conducted during CPB operation, provided that:

(i) abnormal and emergency procedures are simulated before or after the flight on the ground without passengers on board; and

(ii) passengers are made aware that the intended flight will be a training flight.

SUBPART FI — FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS

Section 1 – General requirements

BFCL.300  Flight instructor certificates

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) General

An instructor shall only carry out flight instruction in a balloon if he or she:

(1) holds:

(i) a BPL including the privileges, ratings and certificates for which flight instruction is to be provided; and

(ii) a balloon flight instructor (FI(B)) certificate appropriate to the instruction carried out, and issued in accordance with this Subpart; and

(2) is entitled to act as PIC in the balloon during flight instruction.

(b) Instruction provided outside the territory of the Member States

(1) By way of derogation from subparagraph (a)(1), in the case of flight instruction provided during a training course approved in accordance with this Annex (Part-BFCL) outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue a flight instructor certificate to an applicant who holds a balloon pilot licence that is compliant with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, provided that the applicant:

(i) holds at least a licence including, where relevant, privileges, ratings or certificates equivalent to those for which he or she is authorised to instruct;

(ii) complies with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the FI(B) certificate with the relevant instructional privileges; and

(iii) demonstrates to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise his or her instructional privileges in accordance with this Annex.

(2) The certificate shall be limited to the provision of approved flight instruction:

(i) outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention; and

(ii) to a student pilot who has sufficient knowledge of the language in which flight instruction is provided.

Section 2 – Flight instructor certificate for balloons – FI(B)

BFCL.315  FI(B) certificate – Privileges and conditions

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) Subject to compliance of applicants with point BFCL.320 and with the following conditions, an FI(B) certificate shall be issued with privileges to conduct flight instruction for:

(1) a BPL;

(2) the extension of privileges to further classes and groups of balloons provided that the applicant has completed at least 15 hours of flight time as PIC in each relevant class;

(3) a night rating or a tethered flight rating, provided that the applicant has received specific training in providing instruction for the relevant rating at an ATO or at a DTO; and

(4) an FI(B) certificate, provided that the applicant has:

(i) completed at least 50 hours of flight instruction on balloons; and

(ii) in accordance with the procedures established for that purpose by the competent authority, conducted at least one hour of flight instruction for the FI(B) certificate under the supervision and to the satisfaction of an FI(B) who is qualified in accordance with this subparagraph and nominated by the head of training of the ATO or the DTO.

(b) The privileges listed in paragraph (a) shall include the privileges to conduct flight instruction for:

(1)  the issue of the relevant licence, privileges, ratings or certificate; and

(2)  the revalidation, renewal or compliance with the relevant recency requirements of this Annex, as applicable.

AMC1 BFCL.315(a)(4)(ii)  FI(B) certificate – Privileges and conditions

ED Decision 2020/003/R

ADDITIONAL TRAINING REQUIRED BEFORE INSTRUCTING DURING FI(B) TRAINING COURSES

The 1 hour of flight instruction, as required in point BFCL.315(a)(4)(ii), should consist of exercises from the FI(B) training course, as selected by the supervising FI(B), and should, in any case, include all of the following:

(a) one take-off and one landing exercise;

(b) a selection of flight exercises; and

(c) one emergency exercise.

BFCL.320  FI(B) – Prerequisites and requirements

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

Applicants for an FI(B) certificate shall:

(a) be at least 18 years of age;

(b) comply with the requirements of subparagraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(2) of point BFCL.300;

(c) have completed 75 hours of balloon flight time as PIC;

(d) have completed an instructor training course in accordance with point BFCL.330 at an ATO or a DTO; and

(e) have passed an assessment of competence in accordance with point BFCL.345.

BFCL.325  FI(B) competencies and assessment

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

Applicants for an FI(B) certificate shall be trained to achieve the following competencies:

(a)  prepare resources;

(b)  create a climate conducive to learning;

(c)  present knowledge;

(d)  integrate threat and error management (TEM) and crew resource management (CRM);

(e)  manage time to achieve training objectives;

(f)  facilitate learning;

(g)  assess trainee performance;

(h)  monitor and review progress;

(i)  evaluate training sessions; and

(j)  report outcome.

AMC1 BFCL.325  FI(B) competencies and assessment

ED Decision 2020/003/R

(a) Training should be both theoretical and practical. Practical elements should include the development of specific instructor skills, particularly in the area of teaching and assessing TEM.

(b) The training and assessment of instructors should be made against the following performance standards:

BFCL.330  FI(B) – Training course

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) Applicants for an FI(B) certificate shall first pass a specific pre-entry assessment at an ATO or a DTO within the 12 months preceding the start of the training course, to assess his or her ability to take the course.

(b) The FI(B) training course shall include at least:

(1) the elements specified in point BFCL.325;

(2) 25 hours of teaching and learning;

(3) 12 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction, including progress tests; and

(4) three hours of flight instruction, including three take-offs and landings.

(c) Applicants who already hold an instructor certificate in accordance with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 or with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 shall be fully credited towards the requirement in paragraph (b)(2).

AMC1 BFCL.330(a)  FI(B) – Training course

ED Decision 2020/003/R

PRE-ENTRY ASSESSMENT

The content of the pre-entry assessment should be determined by the ATO or the DTO, taking into account the experience of a particular candidate. It may include interviews and/or an assessment during a simulated training session with the candidate.

AMC1 BFCL.330(b)  FI(B) – Training course

ED Decision 2020/003/R

(a) GENERAL

(1) The aim of the FI(B) training course is to train BPL holders to the level of competence defined in point BFCL.325.

(2) Throughout the training course, its content and structure should allow the student instructor to develop safety awareness by teaching the knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to the FI(B) task including at least the following:

(i) refresh the technical knowledge of the student instructor;

(ii) train the student instructor to teach:

(A) the ground subjects and air exercises; and

(B) how to access all related sources of information;

(iii) ensure that the student instructor’s flying is of a sufficiently high standard; and

(iv) teach the student instructor the principles of basic instruction and how to apply them at all training levels.

(3) With the exception of the section on teaching and learning, all the subject details contained in the ground and flight training syllabus is complementary to the BPL course syllabus.

(4) The FI(B) training course should give particular stress to the role of the individual in relation to the importance of human factors in the man-machine interface as well as in the instructor-student interaction during theoretical knowledge instruction. Special attention should be paid to the applicant’s maturity and judgement including an understanding of adults, their behavioural attitudes and variable levels of education.

(5) During the training course, applicants should be made aware that their own attitudes are key to flight safety. Identifying and avoiding complacency and improving safety awareness should be a fundamental objective throughout the training course. It is of major importance for the training course to aim at giving applicants the knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to a flight instructor’s task.

(b) STRUCTURE AND CONTENT

The training course consists of two parts:

(1) PART 1 — THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTION

Part 1 includes the training specified in points (2) and (3) of point BFCL.330(b).

The content of the teaching and learning part of the FI(B) course, as established in AMC1 BFCL.325, should be used as guidance to develop the syllabus for the training specified in point BFCL.330(b)(2).

(2) PART 2 — FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

Part 2 includes the training specified in point BFCL.330(b)(4).

(i) General

(A) The air exercises are similar to those of the BPL training course but with additional items designed to cover the needs of a flight instructor.

(B) The numbering of exercises should be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide. Therefore, the demonstrations and practices need not necessarily be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following interrelated factors:

(a) the applicant’s progress and ability;

(b) the weather conditions affecting the flight;

(c) the flight time available;

(d) the instructional technique considerations;

(e) the local operating environment; and

(f) the applicability of the exercises to the aircraft type.

(C) At the discretion of the instructors, some of the exercises may be combined whereas some other exercises may be done in several flights. 

(D) It follows that student instructors will eventually be faced with similar inter-related factors. They should be shown and taught how to develop flight lesson plans, taking these factors into account, so as to make the best use of each flight lesson, combining parts of the set exercises as necessary.

(ii) Briefings and debriefings

(A) The briefing normally includes a statement of the aim and a brief allusion to principles of flight only if relevant. An explanation is to be given of exactly which air exercises are to be taught by the instructor and practised by the student during the flight. It should include how the flight will be conducted with regard to who is to fly the aircraft and what airmanship, weather and flight safety aspects currently apply. The nature of the lesson will govern the order in which the constituent parts are to be taught.

(B) The five basic components of the briefing will be:

(a) the aim;

(b) the air exercise(s) (what, how and by whom);

(c) flight briefing;

(d) check of understanding; and

(e) airmanship.

(C) After each exercise, the student instructor will conduct a debriefing of the pilot who acted as the student pilot during the training flight, be it the FI(B) instructor or an additional pilot (as described in point (k)(2)). The debriefing is to evaluate:

(a) whether the objectives have been fulfilled;

(b) whether the errors are minor or major;

(c) what can be corrected or improved; and

(d) whether the student pilot has reached the required level of competence or the exercise must be done again.

The FI(B) instructor will validate the debriefing.

(iii) Planning of flight lessons

The development of lesson plans is an essential prerequisite of good instruction and the student instructor is to be given supervised practice in the development and practical application of flight lesson plans.

(iv) General considerations

(A) The student instructor should complete flight training in order to practise the principles of basic instruction at the BPL level.

(B) The instructor providing this instructor training may take over the role of the student pilot. An additional person holding a BPL or a student pilot for the BPL may be on board in order to act as a student pilot under the supervision of the student instructor.

(C) It is to be noted that airmanship is a vital ingredient of all flight operations. Therefore, in the following air exercises, the relevant aspects of airmanship are to be stressed at the appropriate times during each flight.

(D) The student instructor should learn how to identify common errors and how to correct them properly, which should be emphasised at all times.

(v) Long briefings and air exercises

Exercise 1: Familiarisation with the balloon

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to familiarise the student with the balloon which will be used for the training and to test the student’s position in the basket for comfort, visibility, and ability to use all controls and equipment. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing and exercise

The student instructor has to:

(1) present the type of balloon which will be used; 

(2) explain the characteristics of the balloon; 

(3) explain the components, instruments and equipment;

(4) explain the re-fuelling procedures (in the case of hot-air balloons);

(5) familiarise the student with the balloon controls; and

(6) explain all checklists, drills and controls.

(c) Debriefing

Exercise 2: Preparation for the flight

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain all the operations and the necessary preparation to be completed before the flight. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the need for a pre-flight briefing;

(2) the structure and the content of this briefing;

(3) which documents are required on board;

(4) which equipment is required for a flight; 

(5) the use of weather forecasts or actuals;

(6) the flight planning with particular regard to NOTAMs, airspace structure, sensitive areas, expected track and distance, pre-flight picture and possible landing fields;

(7) the use of load calculation chart; and

(8) the selection of a launch field with particular regard to permission, behaviour and adjacent fields.

(c) Exercise

The student instructor has to prepare and give a pre-flight briefing during which they have to demonstrate:

(1) that the required documents are on board;

(2) that the equipment required for the intended flight is on board;

(3) how to perform a load calculation;

(4) how to advise the student to do the pre-planning procedures for each flight;

(5) how to perform a pre-launch check;  

(6) how to select a launch field with particular regard to permission, behaviour and adjacent fields; 

(7) how to teach the student pilot to perform the preparation to be completed prior to flight; and

(8) how to analyse and correct errors of the student pilot as necessary.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 3: Crew and passenger briefing

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain the importance of appropriate clothing for pilot, passengers and crew and how to perform the briefing of ground and retrieve crew and the briefing of passengers. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the appropriate clothing for passengers and crew; and

(2) the briefings for ground and retrieve crew and passengers.

(c) Exercise:

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) how to advise the passengers and crew about the correct clothing;

(2) the briefing of ground and retrieve crew;

(3) the briefing of passengers; 

(4) how to familiarise the student pilot with the different type of briefings; and

(5) how to analyse and correct errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 4: Assembly and layout

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to familiarise the student pilot on crowd control and how to perform the securing of the launch site. Furthermore, the student instructor has to demonstrate how to familiarise the student pilot with the correct rigging of envelope and basket, the burner test procedure (hot-air balloons) and the pre-inflation checks. Finally, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the crowd control; 

(2) the securing of the launch site;

(3) the correct rigging procedure;

(4) the use of the restraint line; and

(5) the pre-inflation checks and use of checklist(s).

(c) Exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the crowd control and securing of launch site;

(2) the correct rigging of envelope and basket;

(3) the correct use of the restraint line;

(4) the burner test procedure (hot-air balloons);

(5) the pre-inflation checks and correct use of checklist(s);

(6) how to teach the student pilot to perform the correct rigging; and

(7) how to analyse and correct assembly errors of the student pilot as necessary.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 5: Inflation

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to familiarise the student pilot with the different phases of the inflation procedure, the use of restraint line and inflation fan (hot-air balloons) and the avoidance of electrostatic discharge (gas balloons). Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the different phases of the inflation procedure;

(2) the crowd control and securing procedures during inflation;

(3) the use of the inflation fan (hot-air balloons); and

(4) how to avoid electronic discharge (gas balloons).

(c) Exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the crowd control and securing of the launch site during inflation procedure;

(2) the cold inflation procedure and use of restraint line and inflation fan (hot-air balloons);

(3) the hot inflation procedure (hot-air balloons);

(4) the avoidance of electrostatic discharge (gas balloons);

(5) the inflation procedure (gas balloons);

(6) how to teach the student pilot to perform the inflation procedures; and

(7) how to analyse and correct errors of the student pilot during the inflation procedure as necessary.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 6: Take-off in different wind conditions

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor how to explain the pre take-off checks and briefings, the preparation for controlled climb and the use of restraint equipment. Furthermore, the student instructor should be able to demonstrate the assessment of wind and obstacles, the preparation for false lift and the take-off techniques in different wind conditions. In addition to this, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the pre take-off checks and briefings;

(2) the preparation for controlled climb;

(3) the ‘hands off and hands on’ procedure for ground crew;

(4) the assessment of lift;

(5) the use of the restraint equipment;

(6) the assessment of wind and obstacles;

(7) the preparation for false lift; and

(8) the take-off techniques from sheltered and non-sheltered launch fields.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) how to perform the pre take-off checks and briefings;

(2) how to prepare for controlled climb;

(3) how to perform the ‘hands off and hands on’ procedure for ground crew;

(4) how to perform the assessment of lift without endangering the ground crew;

(5) how to use the restraint equipment;

(6) how to perform the assessment of wind and obstacles;

(7) how to prepare for false lift;

(8) how to teach the student pilot the correct take off techniques from sheltered and non-sheltered launch fields; and

(9) how to analyse and correct errors of the student pilot as necessary.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 7: Climb to level flight

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the climb to flight level. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the climbing with a predetermined rate of climb;

(2) the effect on envelope temperature (hot-air balloons);

(3) the maximum rate of climb according to the manufacturer’s flight manual; and

(4) how to level off at a selected altitude.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) how to climb with a predetermined rate of climb;

(2) how to perform look-out techniques;

(3) the effect on envelope temperature (hot-air balloons);

(4) the maximum rate of climb according to the manufacturer’s flight manual;

(5) the levelling off techniques at a selected altitude;

(6) how to advise the student pilot to perform the climb to level flight;

(7) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot during the climb.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 8: Level flight

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate level flight. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) how to maintain level flight by use of instruments;

(2) how to maintain level flight by use of visual references;

(3) how to maintain level flight by use of all available means;

(4) the use of parachute; and

(5) the use of turning vents, if installed (hot -air balloons).

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) how to maintain level flight by use of instruments;

(2) how to maintain level flight by use of visual references;

(3) how to maintain level flight by use of all available means;

(4) the use of parachute; 

(5) the use of turning vents, if installed (hot-air balloons);

(6) how to advise the student pilot to perform the level flight; and

(7) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot during the level flight.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 9: Descent to level flight

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the descent to a certain flight level. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) how to descend with a predetermined rate of descent;

(2) a fast descent;

(3) the maximum rate of descent according to the manufacturer’s flight manual;

(4) the use of parachute;

(5) a parachute stall and cold descent (hot-air balloons); and

(6) the levelling off technique at selected altitude.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) a descent with a predetermined rate of descent;

(2) how to perform look-out techniques;

(3) a fast descent;

(4) the maximum rate of descent according to the manufacturer’s flight manual;

(5) the use of parachute;

(6) how to level off at selected altitudes;

(7) how to advise the student pilot to perform a descent to a certain flight level; and

(8) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot during the descent.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 10: Emergencies

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the different emergency situations and how to react. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors during the simulated emergency exercises and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the pilot light failure (hot-air balloons);

(2) burner failures, valve leaks, flame out and re-light (hot-air balloons);

(3) the gas leaks (gas balloons);

(4) the closed appendix during take-off and climb (gas balloons);

(5) the envelope over temperature (hot-air balloons);

(6) the envelope damage in flight;

(7) the parachute or rapid deflation system failure;

(8) the fire on ground and in the air;

(9) how to avoid an obstacle contact including contact with electrical power lines; and

(10) escape drills, location and use of emergency equipment.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate (in the air or during a simulation on the ground):

(1) a pilot light failure (hot-air balloons);

(2) a burner failure, valve leaks, flame out and re-light (hot-air balloons);

(3) the gas leaks;

(4) a closed appendix during take-off and climb (gas balloons);

(5) the envelope over temperature (hot-air balloons);

(6) the envelope damage in flight;

(7) the parachute or rapid deflation system failure;

(8) a fire on ground and in the air;

(9) the escape drills, location and use of emergency equipment;

(10) how to advise the student pilot in performing the different emergency drills; and

(11) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 11: Navigation

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the advanced navigational flight preparation. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the maps selection;

(2) the plotting of the expected track;

(3) the marking of positions and time;

(4) the calculation of distance and speed;

(5) the calculation of fuel consumption (hot-air balloons);

(6) the calculation of ballast consumption (gas balloons);

(7) the ceiling limitations (ATC or weather);

(8) how to plan ahead;

(9) the monitoring of weather development;

(10) the monitoring of fuel or ballast consumption;

(11) ATC liaison (if applicable);

(12) the communication with retrieve crew; and

(13) the use of GNSS (if applicable).

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the use of selected maps;

(2) the plotting of the expected track;

(3) the marking of positions and time;

(4) how to monitor distance and speed;

(5) how to monitor the fuel or ballast consumption;

(6) the observance of ceiling limitations (ATC or weather);

(7) the planning ahead;

(8) the monitoring of weather development;

(9) the monitoring of envelope temperature (hot-air balloons);

(10) the ATC liaison (if applicable);

(11) the communication with retrieve crew;

(12) the use of GNSS (if applicable); 

(13) how to advise the student pilot on performing the navigational preparation;

(14) how to advise the student pilot on performing the different navigational in-flight tasks; and

(15) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 12a: Fuel management (hot-air balloons)

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the fuel management techniques. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the cylinder arrangement and the burner systems;

(2) the function of the pilot light supply (vapour or liquid);

(3) the use of master cylinders (if applicable);

(4) the fuel requirement and expected fuel consumption;

(5) the fuel state and pressure;

(6) the minimum fuel reserves;

(7) cylinder contents gauge and change procedure; and

(8) the use of cylinder manifolds (if applicable).

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the cylinder arrangement and burner systems;

(2) the pilot light supply (vapour or liquid);

(3) the use of master cylinders (if applicable);

(4) how to monitor the fuel requirement and expected fuel consumption;

(5) the monitoring of fuel state and pressure;

(6) the monitoring of fuel reserves;

(7) the use of cylinder contents gauge and change procedure;

(8) the use of cylinder manifolds (if applicable);

(9) how to advise the student pilot to perform the fuel management; and

(10) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 12b: Ballast management (gas balloons)

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the ballast management. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the minimum ballast;

(2) the arrangement and securing of ballast;

(3) the ballast requirement and expected ballast consumption; and

(4) the ballast reserves.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the determination of the minimum ballast requirement;

(2) the arrangement and securing of ballast;

(3) the ballast requirement calculation and expected ballast consumption;

(4) how to secure ballast reserves;

(5) how to advise the student pilot to perform the ballast management; and

(6) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 13: Approach from low level

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the approach from level. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) pre-landing checks;

(2) the passenger pre-landing briefing;

(3) the selection of fields;

(4) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(5) the use of ballast or parachute and valve (gas balloons);

(6) the use of trail rope (if applicable) (gas balloons);

(7) look-out procedures; and

(8) missed approach and fly-on procedures.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the use of the pre landing checks;

(2) the selection of fields;

(3) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(4) the use of ballast or parachute and valve (gas balloons);

(5) the use of trail rope (if applicable) (gas balloons);

(6) the look-out procedures and how to avoid possible distractions;

(7) the missed approach and fly-on techniques;

(8) how to advise the student pilot to perform an approach from low level; and

(9) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 14: Approach from high level

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the approach from high level. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the pre-landing checks;

(2) the passenger pre-landing briefing;

(3) selection of field;

(4) the rate of descent;

(5) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(6) the use of ballast and parachute (gas balloons);

(7) the use of trail rope (if applicable) (gas balloons);

(8) look-out procedures; and

(9) missed approach and fly-on procedures.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the pre-landing checks;

(2) the selection of field;

(3) the rate of descent; 

(4) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(5) the use of ballast and parachute (gas balloons);

(6) the use of trail rope (if applicable) (gas balloons);

(7) the look-out procedures and how to avoid potential distraction;

(8) the missed approach and fly-on techniques;

(9) how to advise the student pilot to perform an approach from a higher level; and

(10) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

Exercise 15: Operation at low level

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the operation at a low height (1-20 metres). Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(2) the use of ballast and parachute (gas balloons);

(3) the look-out procedures;

(4) how to avoid a contact with low-level obstacles;

(5) how to avoid sensitive areas (for example, nature protection areas); and

(6) the landowner relations. 

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the use of burner and parachute (hot-air balloons);

(2) the use of ballast and parachute (gas balloons);

(3) look-out procedures and how to avoid potential distraction;

(4) how to avoid low-level obstacles;

(5) good landowner relations;

(6) how to advise the student pilot to operate the balloon at a low level; and

(7) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 16: Landing in different wind conditions

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate landings in different wind conditions. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the correct actions for turbulences during the approach or landing;

(2) the passenger pre-landing briefing;

(3) the use of burner and pilot lights (hot-air balloons);

(4) the use of ballast, parachute, valve and rip panel (gas balloons);

(5) the use of parachute and turning vents (if applicable);

(6) look-out;

(7) the landing, dragging and deflation;

(8) the use of drop line; and

(9) landowner relations.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the pre-landing checks; 

(2) the passenger briefing;

(3) the selection of field;

(4) the effect of turbulence;

(5) the use of burner and pilot lights (hot-air balloons);

(6) the use of ballast, parachute, valve and rip panel (gas balloons);

(7) the use of parachute rapid deflation systems (if applicable) and turning vents (if applicable) (hot-air balloons);

(8) the look-out procedures and how to avoid potential distraction;

(9) the landing, dragging and deflation procedures;

(10) the use of drop line (when appropriate)

(11) how to advise the student pilot to perform a safe landing in different wind conditions; and

(12) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 17: First solo flight

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to prepare students for the first solo flight. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to properly assess the readiness and fitness of a student to fly solo on the day of the intended solo flight.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the limitations of the flight; 

(2) the use of required equipment; and

(3) the flight planning and references to manoeuvres.

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to:

(1) evaluate whether the student should be authorised to fly solo, taking into consideration at least all of the following:

(i) the experience of the student;

(ii) the physical and mental fitness of the student;

(iii) weather conditions; and

(iv) the suitability of balloons for a solo flight; 

(2) monitor the pre-flight preparation; 

(3) brief the student (expected flight time or emergency actions);

(4) monitor the flight as far as possible; and

(5) debrief the flight with the student.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 18: Tethered flight (hot-air balloons)

Note: This exercise constitutes the specific training referred to in point BFCL.315(a)(3) regarding instructional privileges for the tethered flight rating. It may be completed during the initial FI(B) training course or as a separate training, provided that the applicant holds the tethered flight rating.

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the tethering techniques. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the ground preparations;

(2) the weather suitability;

(3) the tethering techniques and equipment;

(4) the maximum all-up-weight limitation;

(5) crowd control;

(6) the pre-take-off checks and briefings;

(7) the heating for controlled lift-off;

(8) the ‘hands-off and hands-on’ procedure for ground crew;

(9) the procedures for boarding and disembarking passengers;

(10) the assessment of wind and obstacles; and

(11) the controlled climb to a pre-defined altitude (at least 60 ft (20 m)).

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the ground preparations;

(2) the tethering techniques;

(3) the understanding of maximum all-up-weight limitation;

(4) how to perform crowd control;

(5) the pre-take-off checks and briefings;

(6) the heating for controlled lift-off;

(7) the ‘hands-off and hands-on’ procedure for ground crew;

(8) the passenger boarding and disembarkation; exchange of passengers between flights

(9) the assessment of wind and obstacles;

(10) the controlled climb; 

(11) the landing techniques;

(12) how to advise the student pilot on how to perform a tethered flight; and

(13) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing 

Exercise 19: Night flying

Note: This exercise constitutes the specific training referred to in point BFCL.315(a)(3) regarding instructional privileges for the night rating. It may be completed during the initial FI(B) training course or as a separate training, provided that the applicant holds the night rating.

(a) Objective

To advise the student instructor on how to explain and demonstrate the night flying techniques. Furthermore, the student instructor should learn how to identify student errors and how to correct them properly.

(b) Briefing

The student instructor has to explain:

(1) the medical or physiological aspects of night vision;

(2) the flight planning, taking into account the obstacles on the ground, night VMC minima, airspace;

(3) the use of lights for assembly, layout and inflation;

(4) the requirement for torch or lights to be carried, (pre-flight inspection, etc.);

(5) the use of the external and instrument lights;

(6) the night take-off procedure;

(7) the checklist procedures at night;

(8) the emergency procedures at night;

(9) the navigation principles at night; and

(10) the map marking for night use (highlighting built up or lit areas with thicker lines, etc.).

(c) Air exercise

The student instructor has to demonstrate:

(1) the use of lights for assembly, layout and inflation;

(2) the flight planning, taking into account the obstacles on the ground, night VMC minima, airspace;

(3) the use of torch or lights for pre-flight inspection;

(4) the use of external and instrument lights;

(5) the night take-off procedure;

(6) how to perform the checklist procedures at night;

(7) how to maintain safety altitude;

(8) the simulated night emergency procedures;

(9) the navigation principles at night;

(10) the night cross-country techniques, as appropriate;

(11) how to advise the student pilot to perform a flight at night; and

(12) how to analyse and correct faults or errors of the student pilot.

(d) Debriefing

BFCL.345  FI(B) – Assessment of competence

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) Applicants for the issue of an FI(B) certificate shall pass an assessment of competence on a balloon to demonstrate to an examiner qualified in accordance with point BFCL.415(c) the ability to instruct a student pilot to the level required for the issue of a BPL.

(b) The assessment shall include:

(1) the demonstration of the competencies described in point BFCL.325 during pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction;

(2) oral theoretical examinations on the ground, pre-flight and post-flight briefings, and in-flight demonstrations in the appropriate balloon class;

(3) exercises adequate to evaluate the instructor’s competencies.

AMC1 BFCL.345  FI(B) – Assessment of competence

ED Decision 2020/003/R

GENERAL

(a) The format and application form for the assessment of competence are determined by the competent authority.

(b) The balloon that is used for the assessment should meet the requirements for training aircraft.

(c) The FE(B) acts as the PIC, except in circumstances agreed upon by the FE(B) when another FI(B) is designated as PIC for the flight.

(d) The ‘student’ is either a real balloon student pilot under training or, in all other cases, the FE(B) or another FI(B). The applicant is required to explain the relevant exercises and to demonstrate their conduct to the ‘student’, where appropriate. Thereafter, the ‘student’ executes the same manoeuvres which can include typical mistakes of inexperienced students. The applicant is expected to correct mistakes orally or, if necessary, by intervening physically.

(e) If more than one flight is necessary in order to complete all relevant exercises, these flights should be completed as close together in time as practicable and, in any case, within a period of 6 months. In principle, failure in any exercise requires a retest covering all exercises, with the exception of those that may be retaken separately. The FE(B) may terminate the assessment at any stage if they consider that a retest is required.

(f) The total flight time of the assessment of competence should be at least 45 minutes.

AMC2 BFCL.345  FI(B) – Assessment of competence

ED Decision 2020/003/R

CONTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPETENCE

(a) The content of the assessment of competence for the FI(B) should be the following:

(b) Section 1, the oral theoretical knowledge examination part of the assessment of competence, is divided into two parts:

(1) The applicant is required to give a lecture under test conditions to other ‘student(s)’, one of whom will be the FE(B). The test lecture is to be selected from items of Section 1. The amount of time for the preparation of the test lecture is agreed upon beforehand with the FE(B). Appropriate literature may be used by the applicant. The test lecture should not exceed 45 minutes.

(2) The applicant is tested orally by an FE(B) for knowledge of items of Section 1 and the core instructor competencies (teaching and learning content given in the FI(B) training course).

(c) Sections 2, 3 and 4 comprise exercises to demonstrate the ability to be an FI(B) (for example, instructor demonstration exercises) chosen by the FE(B) from the flight syllabus of the FI(B) training course. The applicant is required to demonstrate FI(B) abilities, including briefing, flight instruction and de-briefing.

AMC3 BFCL.345  FI(B) – Assessment of competence

ED Decision 2020/003/R

APPLICATION AND REPORT FORM FOR THE FI(B) ASSESSMENT OF COMPETENCE

BFCL.360  FI(B) certificate – Recency requirements

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) An FI(B) certificate holder shall only exercise the privileges of his or her certificate if he or she has completed:

(1) within the last three years before the planned exercise of those privileges:

(i) instructor refresher training at an ATO, a DTO, or a competent authority during which the holder shall receive theoretical knowledge instruction for refreshing and updating the knowledge relevant for balloon instructors;

(ii) at least 6 hours of flight instruction in balloons as FI(B); and

(2) within the last nine years and in accordance with the procedures established for that purpose by the competent authority, one instruction flight on a balloon as FI(B) under the supervision and to the satisfaction of an FI(B) who is qualified in accordance with point BFCL.315(a)(4) and nominated by the head of training of an ATO or a DTO.

(b) The hours flown as an FE(B) during skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence shall be fully credited towards the requirement in paragraph (a)(1)(ii).

(c) If an FI(B) certificate holder has failed to complete the instruction flight under supervision to the satisfaction of the FI(B) in accordance with paragraph (a)(2), he or she shall not exercise the privileges of the FI(B) certificate until he or she has successfully completed an assessment of competence in accordance with point BFCL.345.

(d) To resume the exercise of the privileges of the FI(B) certificate, an FI(B) certificate holder who does not comply with all the requirements of paragraph (a) shall comply with the requirement of paragraph (a)(1)(i) and of point BFCL.345.

AMC1 BFCL.360(a)(1)(i)  FI(B) certificate – Recency requirements

ED Decision 2020/003/R

INSTRUCTOR REFRESHER TRAINING

(a) The FI(B) refresher training should be held in the form of a seminar. Such seminars made available in Member States should have due regard to geographical location, number of participants, and frequency throughout the territory of the Member State concerned. 

(b) Such seminars should run for at least 1 day (with a minimum of 6 hours of teaching time), and attendance from participants will be required for the whole duration of the seminar including breakout groups and workshops.

(c) Some experienced FI(B)s currently involved with flying training and with a practical understanding of the recency requirements and the current instructional techniques should be included as speakers at these seminars.

(d) The attendance form will be completed and signed by the organiser of the seminar as approved by the competent authority, following attendance and satisfactory participation by the FI(B).

(e) The content of the FI(B) refresher seminar should be selected from the following:

(1) new or current rules or regulations, with emphasis on knowledge of Part-BFCL and operational requirements;

(2) teaching and learning;

(3) instructional techniques;

(4) the role of the instructor;

(5) national regulations (as applicable);

(6) human factors;

(7) flight safety, incident and accident prevention;

(8) airmanship;

(9) legal aspects and enforcement procedures;

(10) navigational skills including new or current radio navigation aids;

(11) weather-related topics including methods of distribution; and

(12) any additional topic selected by the competent authority.

(f) Formal sessions should allow for a presentation time of 45 minutes, with 15 minutes for questions. The use of visual aids is recommended, with interactive video and other teaching aids (where available) for breakout groups and workshops.

GM1 BFCL.360(a)(1)(i)  FI(B) certificate – Recency requirements

ED Decision 2020/003/R

FREQUENCY OF INSTRUCTOR REFRESHER TRAINING

In order to maintain instructor privileges, point BFCL.360(a)(1)(i) requires FI(B) certificate holders to complete instructor refresher training once in 3 years. However, ATOs or DTOs may decide to provide more frequent internal standardisation/refresher training to their instructors.

AMC1 BFCL.360(a)(2) FI(B) certificate – Recency requirements

ED Decision 2020/003/R

INSTRUCTION FLIGHT UNDER SUPERVISION

(a) The aim of the instruction flight under supervision as per point BFCL.360(a)(2) is to confirm continued instructor competency.

(b) The instruction flight under supervision should be arranged to ensure that the FI(B) being supervised demonstrates, on the ground and during at least one flight, knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to the FI(B) task including at least all of the following:

(1) technical knowledge;

(2) ability to teach a sample of the air exercises from the BPL training course;

(3) a sufficiently high standard of flying;

(4) application of instructing principles; and

(5) application of TEM.

(c) The supervising instructor should enter the successful completion of the flight under supervision into the logbook of the applicant.

SUBPART FE — FLIGHT EXAMINERS

Section 1 – General requirements

BFCL.400  Balloon flight examiner certificates

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) General

An examiner shall only carry out skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence in accordance with this Annex if he or she:

(1) holds:

(i) a BPL including privileges, ratings and certificates for which he or she is authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence, and the privileges to instruct for them;

(ii) an FE(B) certificate including privileges appropriate to the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence conducted, issued in accordance with this Subpart;

(2) is entitled to act as PIC in a balloon during the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence.

(b) Examinations conducted outside the territory of the Member States

(1) By way of derogation from paragraph (a)(1), in the case of skill tests and proficiency checks performed outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention, the competent authority shall issue an examiner certificate to an applicant who holds a balloon pilot licence that is compliant with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, provided that the applicant:

(i) holds at least a licence including, where relevant, privileges, ratings, or certificates equivalent to those for which he or she is authorised to conduct skill tests or proficiency checks;

(ii) complies with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant examiner certificate;

(iii) demonstrates to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise examiner privileges in accordance with this Annex.

(2) The certificate referred to in subparagraph (1) shall be limited to performing skill tests and proficiency checks:

(i) outside the territory for which Member States are responsible under the Chicago Convention; and

(ii) to a pilot who has sufficient knowledge of the language in which the test/check is provided.

BFCL.405  Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

A balloon examiner shall not conduct:

(a) a skill test or assessment of competence of an applicant for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate to whom he or she has provided more than 50 % of the required flight instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment of competence is taken; or

(b) a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence whenever he or she feels that his or her objectivity may be affected.

GM1 BFCL.405  Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests

ED Decision 2020/003/R

Examples of a situation where examiners should consider if their objectivity is affected are when the applicant is a relative or a friend of the examiner, or when they are linked by economic interests or political affiliations, etc. It is acknowledged that in small sport/industry like ballooning, it is likely that examiners and candidates will be known to each other in many cases.

GM1 BFCL.405(a)  Limitation of privileges in case of vested interests

ED Decision 2020/003/R

EXAMINERS WHO PROVIDED INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATE

Point BFCL.405(a) allows an examiner to have been involved, as a flight instructor, into 50 % of the candidate’s flight instruction. It is recommended that in such cases that 50 % should be spread throughout the course, and not performed towards the end of the course. ATOs and DTOs should plan and arrange assignments between instructors and students appropriately.

BFCL.410  Conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) When conducting skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, a balloon examiner shall do all of the following:

(1) ensure that communication with the applicant can be established without language barriers;

(2) verify that the applicant complies with all the qualification, training and experience requirements of this Annex for the issue, revalidation or renewal of the licence, privileges, rating or certificate for which the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence is taken; and

(3) make the applicant aware of the consequences of providing incomplete, inaccurate or false information related to his or her training and flight experience.

(b) After completion of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence, the balloon examiner shall:

(1) inform the applicant of the results of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence;

(2) in the event of a pass in an assessment of competence for the revalidation or renewal, endorse the new expiry date on the applicant’s licence or certificate, if specifically authorised for that purpose by the competent authority that is responsible for the applicant’s licence;

(3) provide the applicant with a signed report of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence and submit without undue delay copies of the report to the competent authority that is responsible for the applicant’s licence, and to the competent authority that issued the examiner certificate. The report shall include:

(i) a declaration that the balloon examiner has received information from the applicant regarding his or her experience and instruction, and found that experience and instruction comply with the applicable requirements of this Annex;

(ii) confirmation that all the required manoeuvres and exercises have been completed, as well as information on the verbal theoretical knowledge examination, when applicable. If an item has been failed, the examiner shall record the reasons for this assessment;

(iii) the results of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence;

(iv) a declaration that the balloon examiner has reviewed and applied the national procedures and requirements of the applicant’s competent authority if the competent authority that is responsible for the applicant’s licence is not the one that issued the examiner’s certificate;

(v) a copy of the balloon examiner certificate containing the scope of his or her privileges as balloon examiner in the case of skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant whose competent authority is not the one that issued the examiner’s certificate.

(c) The balloon examiner shall maintain the records for five years with details of all skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence performed and their results.

(d) Upon request by the competent authority that is responsible for the balloon examiner certificate, or the competent authority that is responsible for the applicant’s licence, the balloon examiner shall submit all records and reports, and any other information, as required, for oversight activities.

AMC1 BFCL.410(b)(3)  Conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence

ED Decision 2020/003/R

APPLICATION AND REPORT FORM FOR THE BPL SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK

Section 2 – Flight examiner certificate for balloons – FE(B)

BFCL.415  FE(B) certificate – Privileges and conditions

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

Subject to compliance of the applicant with point BFCL.420 and with the following conditions, an FE(B) certificate shall be issued upon application with privileges to conduct:

(a) skill tests and proficiency checks for the BPL and skill tests for the extension of the privileges to another balloon class, provided that the applicant has completed 250 hours of flight time as pilot on balloons, including 50 hours of flight instruction covering the full syllabus of a BPL training course;

(b) skill tests and proficiency checks for the commercial operation rating as specified in point BFCL.215, provided that the applicant complies with the experience requirements set out in paragraph (a) and has received specific training during an examiner standardisation course in accordance with point BFCL.430;

(c) assessments of competence for the issue of an FI(B) certificate, provided that the applicant has:

(1) completed 350 hours of flight time as pilot on balloons, including 5 hours of instruction to an applicant for the FI(B) certificate;

(2) received specific training during an examiner standardisation course in accordance with point BFCL.430.

AMC1 BFCL.415(b)  FE(B) certificate – Privileges and conditions

ED Decision 2020/003/R

SPECIFIC TRAINING FOR EXAMINER PRIVILEGES RELATED TO THE COMMERCIAL OPERATION RATING

The specific training for examiner privileges related to the commercial operation rating should:

(a) be completed under the supervision of an FE(B) who holds the privileges in accordance with point BFCL.415(b); and

(b) include at least all of the following:

(1) the requirements of Part-BFCL for the commercial operation rating;

(2) theoretical knowledge necessary for the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for the commercial operation rating in accordance with AMC1 BFCL.215(b)(4); and

(3) the conduct of one skill test or proficiency check for the commercial operation rating which, if conducted during an initial examiner standardisation course in accordance with point BFCL.430, should be completed in addition to the skill test or proficiency check for the BPL, as required by point BFCL.430(b)(1).

AMC1 BFCL.415(c)(2)  FE(B) certificate – Privileges and conditions

ED Decision 2020/003/R

SPECIFIC TRAINING FOR EXAMINER PRIVILEGES RELATED TO THE FI(B) CERTIFICATE

Specific training for examiner privileges related to the FI(B) certificate should:

(a) be completed under the supervision of an FE(B) who holds the privileges in accordance with point BFCL.415(c); and

(b) include at least all of the following:

(1) the requirements of Part-BFCL for the FI(B) certificate;

(2) the content of AMC1 BFCL.345, AMC2 BFCL.345 and AMC3 BFCL.345; and

(3) the conduct of one assessment of competence for the FI(B) certificate which, if conducted during an initial examiner standardisation course in accordance with point BFCL.430, should be completed in addition to the skill test or proficiency check for the BPL, as required by point BFCL.430(b)(1).

BFCL.420  FE(B) certificate – Prerequisites and requirements

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

Applicants for an FE(B) certificate shall:

(a) comply with the requirements of subparagraphs (a)(1)(i) and (2) of point BFCL.400;

(b) have completed the FE(B) standardisation course in accordance with point BFCL.430;

(c) have completed an assessment of competence in accordance with point BFCL.445;

(d) demonstrate relevant background related to the privileges of the FE(B) certificate; and

(e) demonstrate that he or she has not been subject to any sanctions, including the suspension, limitation or revocation of any of his or her licences, ratings or certificates issued in accordance with this Annex, with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, or with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, for non-compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and its delegated and implementing acts during the last three years.

AMC1 BFCL.420(d)  FE(B) certificate – Prerequisites and requirements

ED Decision 2020/003/R

EVALUATION OF THE RELEVANT BACKGROUND OF AN APPLICANT

When evaluating the applicant’s background, the competent authority should evaluate the personality and character of the applicant, and their cooperation with the competent authority.

The competent authority may also take into account whether the applicant has been convicted of any relevant criminal or other offences, taking into account national law and principles of non-discrimination.

BFCL.430  FE(B) certificate – Standardisation course

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) Applicants for an FE(B) certificate shall take a standardisation course which is provided either by the competent authority or by an ATO or a DTO and approved by that competent authority.

(b) The standardisation course shall be tailored to the balloon flight examiner privileges sought and shall consist of theoretical and practical instruction, including, at least:

(1) the conduct of at least one skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence for the BPL or associated ratings or certificates;

(2) instruction on the applicable requirements of this Annex and the applicable air operations requirements, the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, and their documentation and reporting;

(3) a briefing on the following:

(i) national administrative procedures;

(ii) requirements for the protection of personal data;

(iii) examiner’s liability;

(iv) examiner’s accident insurance;

(v) national fees; and

(vi) information on how to access the information contained in points (i) to (v) when conducting skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant whose competent authority is not the one that issued the examiner certificate.

(c) An FE(B) certificate holder shall not conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant whose competent authority is not the one that issued the examiner certificate, unless he or she has reviewed the latest available information containing the relevant national procedures of the applicant’s competent authority.

AMC1 BFCL.430  FE(B) certificate – Standardisation course

ED Decision 2020/003/R

(a) GENERAL

(1) When issuing an approval for the conduct of FE(B) standardisation courses to an ATO or a DTO, the competent authority should monitor the execution of these courses through appropriate oversight measures.

(2) An FE(B) standardisation course should last at least 1 day, divided into theoretical and practical training.

(3) The competent authority, the ATO or the DTO should determine any further training required before presenting the candidate for the examiner assessment of competence.

(b) CONTENT

(1) Theoretical training 

(i) The theoretical training should cover at least:

(A) the contents of AMC2 BFCL.430 and the flight examiner manual (FEM);

(B) Part-BFCL and the related AMC and GM that are relevant to their duties;

(C) operational requirements and the related AMC and GM that are relevant to their duties;

(D) national requirements that are relevant to their examination duties;

(E) fundamentals of human performance and limitations that are relevant to flight examination;

(F) fundamentals of evaluation that are relevant to an applicant’s performance; and

(G) the management system of ATOs and the organisational structure of DTOs.

(ii) Examiners should also be briefed on the protection requirements for personal data, liability, accident insurance and fees, as applicable in the Member State concerned.

(iii) All the items above are the core knowledge requirements for an examiner and are recommended as the core course material. This core course material may be studied before the recommended examiner training is commenced. The core course may utilise any suitable training format.

(2) Practical training

(i) Practical training should include at least:

(A) knowledge and management of the test for which the certificate is to be sought. These are described in the relevant modules in the FEM; and

(B) knowledge of the administrative procedures pertaining to that test or check.

(ii) For an initial examiner certificate, practical training should include the examination of the test profile sought, consisting of the conduct of at least one test or check profiles in the role of an examiner, including briefing, conduct of the skill test and proficiency check, assessment of the applicant to whom the test or check is given, debriefing and recording or documentation under the supervision of an examiner.

AMC2 BFCL.430  FE(B) certificate – Standardisation course

ED Decision 2020/003/R

STANDARDISATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXAMINERS

(a) General

(1) An examiner should allow an applicant adequate time to prepare for a test or check.

(2) An examiner should plan a test or check flight so that all required exercises can be performed while allowing sufficient time for each of the exercises and with due regard to the weather conditions, traffic situation, ATC requirements and local procedures.

(b) Purpose of a test or check

(1) Determination through practical demonstration during a test or check that an applicant has acquired or maintained the required level of knowledge and skill or proficiency.

(2) Improvement of training and flight instruction in ATOs or DTOs through feedback from examiners about items or sections of tests or checks that are most frequently failed.

(3) Assistance in maintaining and, where possible, improving air safety standards by having examiners display good airmanship and flight discipline during tests or checks.

(c) Conduct of a test or check

(1) An examiner will ensure that an applicant completes a test or check in accordance with the Part-BFCL requirements and is assessed against the required test or check standards.

(2) Each item within a test or check section should be completed and assessed separately. The test or check schedule, as briefed, should normally not be altered by an examiner.

(3) A marginal or questionable performance of a test or check item should not influence an examiner’s assessment of any subsequent items.

(4) An examiner should verify the requirements and limitations of a test or check with an applicant during the pre-flight briefing.

(5) When a test or check is completed or discontinued, an examiner should debrief the applicant and give reasons for items or sections failed. In case of a failed or discontinued skill test and proficiency check, the examiner should provide appropriate advice to assist the applicant in retests or rechecks.

(6) Any comment on, or disagreement with, an examiner’s test or check evaluation or assessment made during a debriefing will be recorded by the examiner on the test or check report, and will be signed by the examiner and countersigned by the applicant.

(d) Examiner preparation

(1) An examiner should supervise all aspects of the test or check flight preparation, including, where necessary, obtaining or assuring an ATC clearance/liaison.

(2) An examiner will plan a test or check in accordance with the Part-BFCL requirements. Only the manoeuvres and procedures set out in the appropriate test or check form will be undertaken. The same examiner should not re-examine a failed applicant without the agreement of the applicant.

(e) Examiner approach

An examiner should encourage a friendly and relaxed atmosphere both before and during a test or check flight. A negative or hostile approach should not be used. During the test or check flight, the examiner should avoid negative comments or criticisms, and all assessments should be reserved for the debriefing.

(f) Assessment system

Although test or checks may specify flight test tolerances, an applicant should not be expected to achieve these at the expense of smoothness or stable flight. An examiner should make due allowance for unavoidable deviations due to turbulence, ATC instructions, etc. An examiner should terminate a test or check only either when it is clear that the applicant has not been able to demonstrate the required level of knowledge, skill or proficiency and that a full retest will be necessary or for safety reasons. An examiner will use one of the following terms for assessment:

(1) a ‘pass’ provided that the applicant demonstrates the required level of knowledge, skill or proficiency and, where applicable, remains within the flight test tolerances for the licence or rating;

(2) a ‘fail’ provided that any of the following apply:

(i) the flight test tolerances have been exceeded after the examiner has made due allowance for turbulence or ATC instructions;

(ii) the aim of the test or check is not met;

(iii) the aim of the exercise is met but at the expense of safe flight, violation of a rule or regulation, poor airmanship or poor control;

(iv) an acceptable level of knowledge is not demonstrated;

(v) an acceptable level of flight management is not demonstrated; and

(vi) the intervention of the examiner or safety pilot is required in the interest of safety; and

(3) a ‘partial pass’ in accordance with the criteria shown in the relevant skill test appendix to Part-BFCL.

(g) Method and contents of the test or check

(1) Before undertaking a test or check, an examiner will verify that the balloon intended to be used is suitable and appropriately equipped for the test or check. Aircraft that fall under points (a), (b), (c), or (d) of Annex I to the Basic Regulation can be used, provided that they are subject to an authorisation as per point ORA.ATO.135 of Annex VII (Part-ORA) or point DTO.GEN.240 of Annex VIII (Part-DTO) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.

(2) A test or check flight will be conducted in accordance with the AFM.

(3) A test or check flight will be conducted within the limitations contained in the operations manual of an ATO or the balloon operator for which the applicant is flying, as applicable, or, if available, within the limitations placed by the DTO.

(4) Contents 

A test or check is comprised of:

(i) oral examination on the ground (where applicable) which should include:

(A) balloon general knowledge and performance;

(B) planning and operational procedures;

(C) theoretical knowledge in the common subjects as per point BFCL.135(a)(1) in cases where the applicant receives a credit in accordance with point BFCL.140(a), based on a licence the privileges of which were not exercised for more than 2 years; and

(D) other relevant items or sections of the test or check;

(ii) pre-flight briefing which should include:

(A) test or check sequence; and

(B) safety considerations.

(iii) in-flight exercises which should include each relevant item or section of the test or check; and

(iv) post-flight debriefing which should include:

(A) assessment or evaluation of the applicant; and

(B) documentation of the test or check with the applicant’s FI(B) present, if possible.

(5) A test or check is intended to simulate a practical flight. Thus, an examiner may set practical scenarios for an applicant while ensuring that the applicant is not confused and air safety is not compromised.

(6) An examiner should maintain a flight log and assessment record during the test or check for reference during the post-flight debriefing.

(7) An examiner should be flexible with regard to the possibility of changes arising to pre-flight briefings due to ATC instructions, or other circumstances affecting the test or check.

(8) Where changes arise to a planned test or check, an examiner should be satisfied that the applicant understands and accepts the changes. Otherwise, the test or check flight should be terminated.

(9) Should an applicant choose not to continue a test or check for reasons considered inadequate by an examiner, the applicant will be assessed as having failed those items or sections not attempted. If the test or check is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the examiner, only these items or sections not completed will be tested during a subsequent test or check.

(10) An examiner may terminate a test or check at any stage if it is considered that the applicant’s competency requires a complete retest or recheck.

GM1 BFCL.430  FE(B) certificate – Standardisation course

ED Decision 2020/003/R

PLANNING OF TESTS AND CHECKS

(a) An FE(B) should plan not more than a total of two skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence per day.

(b) An FE(B) should plan at least 2 hours for a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence, including pre-flight briefing and preparation, conduct of the test, check or assessment of competence, de-briefing, evaluation of the applicant and documentation.

BFCL.445  FE(B) certificate – Assessment of competence

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

An applicant for the initial issue of an FE(B) certificate shall demonstrate his or her competences as an FE(B) to an inspector from the competent authority or to a senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent authority that is responsible for the FE(B) certificate. During the assessment of competence, the applicant shall conduct a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence, including briefing, conduct of the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence, and assessment of the person to whom the test, check or assessment is given, debriefing and recording documentation.

AMC1 BFCL.445  FE(B) certificate – Assessment of competence

ED Decision 2020/003/R

(a) GENERAL

The competent authority may nominate either one of its inspectors or a senior examiner to assess the competence of applicants for the FE(B) certificate.

(b) DEFINITIONS

(1) ‘Inspector/senior examiner’: the inspector of the competent authority or the senior examiner who is conducting the examiner competence assessment.

(2) ‘Examiner applicant’: the person seeking certification as an examiner.

(3) ‘Candidate’: the person being tested or checked by the examiner applicant. This person may be a pilot for whom the test or check would be required, or the inspector of the competent authority or the senior examiner who is conducting the examiner certification acceptance test.

(c) CONDUCT OF THE ASSESSMENT

An inspector/senior examiner will observe all examiner applicants conducting a test on a ‘candidate’ in a balloon for which examiner certificate is sought. Items from the related training course and test or check schedule will be selected by the inspector/senior examiner for examination of the ‘candidate’ by the examiner applicant. Having agreed with the inspector/senior examiner the content of the test, the examiner applicant will be expected to manage the entire test. This will include briefing, the conduct of the flight, assessment and debriefing of the ‘candidate’. The inspector/senior examiner will discuss the assessment with the examiner applicant before the ‘candidate’ is debriefed and informed of the result.

(d) BRIEFING THE ‘CANDIDATE’

(1) The ‘candidate’ should be given time and facilities to prepare for the test flight. The briefing should cover the following:

(i) the objective of the flight;

(ii) licensing checks, as necessary;

(iii) freedom for the ‘candidate’ to ask questions;

(iv) operating procedures to be followed (for example, the operator's manual);

(v) weather assessment;

(vi) operating capacity of ‘candidate’ and examiner;

(vii) aims to be identified by ‘candidate’;

(viii) simulated weather assumptions (for example, wind speed and visibility cloud base);

(ix) contents of the exercise to be performed;

(x) use of R/T;

(xi) respective roles of ‘candidate’ and examiner (for example, during emergency); and

(xii) administrative procedures (for example, submission of flight plan).

(2) The examiner applicant should maintain the necessary level of communication with the ‘candidate’. The following check details should be followed by the examiner applicant:

(i) the need to give the ‘candidate’ precise instructions;

(ii) responsibility for the safe conduct of the flight;

(iii) intervention by the examiner, when necessary;

(iv) liaison with ATC (where required) and the need for concise, easily understood intentions;

(v) prompting the ‘candidate’ about required sequence of events (for example, following an aborted landing); and

(vi) keeping brief, factual and unobtrusive notes.

(e) ASSESSMENT

The examiner applicant should refer to the flight test tolerances given in the relevant skill test. Attention should be paid to the following points:

(1) questions from the ‘candidate’;

(2) giving the results of the test and any sections failed; and

(3) giving the reasons for failure.

(f) DEBRIEFING

The examiner applicant should demonstrate to the inspector the ability to conduct a fair, unbiased debriefing of the ‘candidate’ based on identifiable factual items. A balance between friendliness and firmness should be evident. The following points should be discussed with the ‘candidate’, at the applicant’s discretion:

(1) advising the candidate on how to avoid or correct mistakes;

(2) mentioning any other points of criticism noted; and

(3) giving any advice considered helpful.

(g) RECORDING OR DOCUMENTATION

The examiner applicant should demonstrate to the inspector the ability to complete the relevant records correctly. These records may be:

(1) the relevant test or check form;

(2) the licence entry;

(3) the notification of failure form; and

(4) relevant company forms where the examiner has privileges of conducting operator proficiency checks.

(h) DEMONSTRATION OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

The examiner applicant should demonstrate to the inspector a satisfactory knowledge of the regulatory requirements associated with the function of an examiner.

AMC1 BFCL.445; BFCL.460  FE(B) certificate – Assessment of competence; FE(B) certificate – Validity, revalidation and renewal

ED Decision 2020/003/R

QUALIFICATION OF SENIOR EXAMINERS

(a) A senior examiner specifically tasked by the competent authority to observe skill tests or proficiency checks for the revalidation of examiner certificates should:

(1) hold a valid or current examiner certificate appropriate to the privileges being granted;

(2) have examiner experience of a level acceptable to the competent authority; and

(3) have conducted a number of skill tests or proficiency checks as an FE(B).

(b) The competent authority may conduct a pre-assessment of the applicant or candidate carrying out a skill test and proficiency check under the supervision of an inspector of the competent authority.

(c) Applicants should be required to attend a senior examiner briefing, course or seminar arranged by the competent authority. The content and duration will be determined by the competent authority and should include:

(1) pre-course self-study;

(2) legislation;

(3) the role of the senior examiner; 

(4) an examiner assessment; and

(5) national administrative requirements.

(d) The validity of the authorisation should not exceed the validity of the examiner’s certificate, and in any case should not exceed 5 years. The authorisation may be revalidated in accordance with procedures established by the competent authority.

BFCL.460  FE(B) certificate – Validity, revalidation and renewal

Regulation (EU) 2020/357

(a) An FE(B) certificate shall be valid for five years.

(b) An FE(B) certificate shall be revalidated if its holder has:

(1) during the validity period of the FE(B) certificate, completed an examiner refresher course which is provided either by the competent authority or by an ATO or a DTO and approved by that competent authority, during which the holder shall receive theoretical knowledge instruction for refreshing and updating the knowledge relevant for balloon examiners; and

(2) within the last 24 months preceding the end of the validity period of the certificate, conducted one skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence under the supervision and to the satisfaction of an inspector from the competent authority or an examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent authority that is responsible for the FE(B) certificate.

(c) An FE(B) certificate holder who also holds one or more examiner certificates for other aircraft categories in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 or with Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 may achieve combined revalidation of all examiner certificates held, in agreement with the competent authority.

(d) If an FE(B) certificate has expired, its holder shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) and of point BFCL.445 before he or she can resume the exercise of the privileges of the FE(B) certificate.

(e) An FE(B) certificate shall only be revalidated or renewed if the applicant demonstrates continued compliance with the requirements of point BFCL.410 as well as with the requirements of point BFCL.420(d) and (e).’

AMC1 BFCL.460(b)(1)  FE(B) certificate – Validity, revalidation and renewal

ED Decision 2020/003/R

EXAMINER REFRESHER COURSE

An FE(B) refresher course should be organised as a seminar that follows the content of the examiner standardisation course set out in AMC1 BFCL.430.