ED Decision 2014/013/R
Markers should be frangible. Those located near a runway or taxiway should be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers, and for the engine pods of jet aircraft.
CS ADR-DSN.P.810 Unpaved runway edge markers
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability: Markers should be provided when the extent of an unpaved runway is not clearly indicated by the appearance of its surface compared with that of the surrounding ground.
(b) Characteristics:
(1) Where runway lights are provided, the markers should be incorporated in the light fixtures. Where there are no lights, markers of flat rectangular or conical shape should be placed so as to delimit the runway clearly.
(2) The flat rectangular markers should have a minimum size of 1 m by 3 m, and should be placed with their long dimension parallel to the runway centre line. The conical markers should have a height not exceeding 0.50 m.
CS ADR-DSN.P.815 Stopway edge markers
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability: Stopway edge markers should be provided when the extent of a stopway is not clearly indicated by its appearance compared with that of the surrounding ground.
(b) Characteristics: The stopway edge markers should be sufficiently different from any runway edge markers used to ensure that the two types of markers cannot be confused.
CS ADR-DSN.P.820 Edge markers for snow-covered runways
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability: Edge markers for snow-covered runways should be used to indicate the usable limits of a snow-covered runway when the limits are not otherwise indicated.
(b) Location: Edge markers for snow-covered runways should be placed along the sides of the runway at intervals of not more than 100 m, and should be located symmetrically about the runway centre line at such a distance from the centre line that there is adequate clearance for wing tips and powerplants. Sufficient markers should be placed across the threshold and end of the runway.
GM1 ADR-DSN.P.820 Edge markers for snow-covered runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
Characteristics: Runway lights could be used to indicate the limits.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.P.825 Taxiway edge markers
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability: Taxiway edge markers should be provided on a taxiway where taxiway centre line or edge lights or taxiway centre line markers are not provided.
(b) Location: Taxiway edge markers should be installed at least at the same locations as would the taxiway edge lights, had they been used.
(c) Characteristics:
(1) A taxiway edge marker should be retroreflective blue.
(2) The marked surface as viewed by the pilot should be a rectangle and should have a minimum viewing area of 150 cm2.
(3) Taxiway edge markers should be frangible. Their height should be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers and for the engine pods of jet aircraft.
GM1 ADR-DSN.P.825 Taxiway edge markers
ED Decision 2022/006/R
(a) At small aerodromes, taxiway edge markers may be used, in lieu of taxiway edge lights, to delineate the edges of taxiways, particularly at night. Additional guidance is given in ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.
(b) On a straight section of a taxiway, taxiway edge markers should be spaced at uniform longitudinal intervals of not more than 60 m. On a curve the markers should be spaced at intervals less than 60 m so that a clear indication of the curve is provided. The markers should be located as near as practicable to the edges of the taxiway, or outside the edges at a distance of not more than 3 m. Additional guidance is given in ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.
(c) The markers commonly used are cylindrical in shape. Ideally, the design of the marker should be such that when installed properly, no portion should exceed 35 cm total height above the mounting surface. However, where significant snow heights are possible, markers exceeding 35 cm in height may be used but their total height should be sufficiently low to preserve clearance for propellers, and for the engine pods of jet aircraft. Additional guidance is given is ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.
(d) A taxiway edge marker should be lightweight and frangible. One type of marker meeting these requirements is detailed in Figure GM-P-1. The post is made up of flexible PVC and its colour is blue. The sleeve which is retro-reflective, is also blue. Note that the area of the marked surface is 150 cm2. Additional guidance is given in ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.
Figure GM-P-1. Taxiway edge marker
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
[Issue: ADR-DSN/4]
[Issue: ADR-DSN/6]
CS ADR-DSN.P.830 Taxiway centre line markers
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability:
(1) Taxiway centre line markers should be provided on a taxiway where taxiway centre line or edge lights or taxiway edge markers are not provided.
(2) Taxiway centre line markers should be provided on a taxiway where taxiway centre line lights are not provided if there is a need to improve the guidance provided by the taxiway centre line marking.
(b) Location
(1) Taxiway centre line markers should be installed at least at the same location as would taxiway centre line lights had they been used.
(2) Taxiway centre line markers should be located on the taxiway centre line marking except that they may be offset by not more than 0.3 m where it is not practicable to locate them on the marking.
(c) Characteristics:
(1) A taxiway centre line marker should be retroreflective green.
(2) The marked surface as viewed by the pilot should be a rectangle, and should have a minimum viewing area of 20 cm2.
(3) Taxiway centre line markers should be so designed and fitted as to withstand being run over by the wheels of an aircraft without damage either to the aircraft or to the markers themselves.
CS ADR-DSN.P.835 Unpaved taxiway edge markers
ED Decision 2014/013/R
(a) Applicability: Where the extent of an unpaved taxiway is not clearly indicated by its appearance compared with that of the surrounding ground, markers should be provided.
(b) Characteristics:
(1) Where taxiway lights are provided, the markers should be incorporated in the light fixtures.
(2) Where there are no lights, suitable markers should be placed so as to clearly delineate the taxiway.