ED Decision 2014/013/R
Obstacle limitation requirements should be distinguished between:
(a) non-instrument runways;
(b) non-precision approach runways;
(c) precision approach runways; and
(d) runways meant for take-off.
ED Decision 2014/013/R
The requirements for obstacle limitation surfaces are specified on the basis of the intended use of a runway, i.e. take-off or landing, and type of approach, and are intended to be applied when such use of the runway is made. In cases where operations are conducted to or from both directions of a runway, the function of certain surfaces may be nullified because of more stringent requirements of another lower surface.
CS ADR-DSN.J.470 Non-instrument runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) The following obstacle limitation surfaces should be established for a non-instrument runway:
(1) conical surface;
(2) inner horizontal surface;
(3) approach surface; and
(4) transitional surfaces.
(b) The heights and slopes of the surfaces should not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table J-1.
(c) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above an approach or transitional surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
(d) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above the conical surface or inner horizontal surface except when the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
(e) Existing objects above any of the conical surface, inner horizontal surface, approach surface and transitional surfaces should, as far as practicable, be removed except when the object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
(f) In considering proposed construction, account should be taken of the possible future development of an instrument runway and consequent requirement for more stringent obstacle limitation surfaces.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.470 Non-instrument runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) Circumstances in which the shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in the ICAO Doc 9137, Airport Services Manual, Part 6, Control of Obstacles.
(b) Because of transverse or longitudinal slopes on a strip, in certain cases the inner edge or portions of the inner edge of the approach surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip. It is not intended that the strip be graded to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface, nor is it intended that terrain or objects which are above the approach surface beyond the end of the strip, but below the level of the strip, be removed unless it is considered that they may endanger aeroplanes.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.J.475 Non-precision approach runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) The following obstacle limitation surfaces should be established for a non-precision approach runway:
(1) conical surface;
(2) inner horizontal surface;
(3) approach surface; and
(4) transitional surfaces.
(b) The heights and slopes of the surfaces should not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table J-1, except in the case of the horizontal section of the approach surface (see paragraph (c) below).
(c) The approach surface should be horizontal beyond the point at which the 2.5 % slope intersects:
(1) a horizontal plane 150 m above the threshold elevation; or
(2) the horizontal plane passing through the top of any object that governs the obstacle clearance altitude/height (OCA/H);
whichever is the higher.
(d) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above an approach surface within 3 000 m of the inner edge or above a transitional surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
(e) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above the approach surface beyond 3 000 m from the inner edge, the conical surface or inner horizontal surface except when the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or after an safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
(f) Existing objects above any of the surfaces required by paragraph (a) should as far as practicable be removed except when the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.475 Non-precision approach runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) If it is of particular importance for safe operation on circuits, arrival routes towards the aerodrome or on departure or missed approach climb-paths, an outer horizontal surface for non-precision approach runways should be established.
(b) Circumstances in which the shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in ICAO Doc 9137, Airport Services Manual, Part 6, Control of Obstacles.
(c) Because of transverse or longitudinal slopes on a strip, in certain cases the inner edge or portions of the inner edge of the approach surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip. It is not intended that the strip be graded to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface, nor is it intended that terrain or objects which are above the approach surface beyond the end of the strip, but below the level of the strip, be removed unless it is considered they may endanger aeroplanes.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.J.480 Precision approach runways
ED Decision 2017/021/R
(a) The following obstacle limitation surfaces should be established for a precision approach runway Category I:
(1) conical surface;
(2) inner horizontal surface;
(3) approach surface; and
(4) transitional surfaces.
(b) The following obstacle limitation surfaces should be established for a precision approach runway Category II or III:
(1) conical surface;
(2) inner horizontal surface;
(3) approach surface and inner approach surface;
(4) transitional surfaces and inner transitional surfaces; and
(5) balked landing surface.
(c) The heights and slopes of the surfaces should not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table J-1, except in the case of the horizontal section of the approach surface in paragraph (d) below.
(d) The approach surface should be horizontal beyond the point at which the 2.5 % slope intersects:
(1) a horizontal plane 150 m above the threshold elevation; or
(2) the horizontal plane passing through the top of any object that governs the obstacle clearance limit;
whichever is the higher.
(e) Fixed objects should not be permitted above the inner approach surface, the inner transitional surface or the balked landing surface, except for frangible objects which because of their function should be located on the strip. Mobile objects should not be permitted above these surfaces during the use of the runway for landing.
(f) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above an approach surface or a transitional surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
(g) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above the conical surface and the inner horizontal surface except when an object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
(h) Existing objects above an approach surface, a transitional surface, the conical surface and inner horizontal surface should, as far as practicable, be removed except when an object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
|
APPROACH RUNWAYS |
||||||||||
|
RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION |
||||||||||
|
Surface and dimensionsa |
Non-instrument Code number |
Non-precision approach Code number |
Precision approach category |
|||||||
|
I |
II or III |
|||||||||
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1, 2 |
3 |
4 |
1, 2 |
3, 4 |
3, 4 |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
|
CONICAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slope |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
5 % |
|
Height |
35 m |
55 m |
75 m |
100 m |
60 m |
75 m |
100 m |
60 m |
100 m |
100 m |
|
INNER HORIZONTAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
45 m |
|
Radius |
2 000 m |
2 500 m |
4 000 m |
4 000 m |
3 500 m |
4 000 m |
4 000 m |
3 500 m |
4 000 m |
4 000 m |
|
INNER APPROACH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Width |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
90 m |
120 me |
120 me |
|
Distance from threshold |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
|
Length |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
900 m |
900 m |
900 m |
|
Slope |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.5 % |
2 % |
2 % |
|
APPROACH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of inner edge |
60 m |
80 m |
150 m |
150 m |
140 m |
280 m |
280 m |
140 m |
280 m |
280 m |
|
Distance from threshold |
30 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
60 m |
|
Divergence (each side |
10 % |
10 % |
10 % |
10 % |
15 % |
15 % |
15 % |
15 % |
15 % |
15 % |
|
First section |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length |
1 600 m |
2 500 m |
3 000 m |
3 000 m |
2 500 m |
3 000 m |
3 000 m |
3 000 m |
3 000 m |
3 000 m |
|
Slope |
5 % |
4 % |
3.33 % |
2.5 % |
3.33 % |
2 % |
2 % |
2.5 % |
2 % |
2 % |
|
Second section |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 600 mb |
3 600 mb |
12 000 m |
3 600 mb |
3 600 mb |
|
Slope |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.5 % |
2.5 % |
3 % |
2.5 % |
2.5 % |
|
Horizontal section |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 400 mb |
8 400 mb |
- |
8 400 mb |
8 400 mb |
|
Total length |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
15 000 m |
15 000 m |
15 000 m |
15 000 m |
15 000 m |
|
TRANSITIONAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slope |
20 % |
20 % |
14.3 % |
14.3 % |
20 % |
14.3 % |
14.3 % |
14.3 % |
14.3 % |
14.3 % |
|
INNER TRANSITIONAL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slope |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
40 % |
33.3 % |
33.3 % |
|
BALKED LANDING SURFACE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of inner edge |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
90 m |
120 me |
120 me |
|
Distance from threshold |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
c |
1 800 md |
1 800 md |
|
Divergence (each side) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 % |
10 % |
10 % |
|
Slope |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4 % |
3.33 % |
3.33 % |
|
a. All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified otherwise. b. Variable length (CS ADR-DSN.J.475(c) or CS ADR-DSN.J.480(d)). c. Distance to the end of strip. d. Or end of runway whichever is less. |
e. Where the code letter is F (Code element 2 of Table A-1), the width is increased to 140 m. |
|||||||||
Table J-1. Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces — Approach runways
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
[Issue: ADR-DSN/4]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.480 Precision approach runways
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) The following obstacle limitation surfaces should be established for a precision approach runway Category I:
(1) inner approach surface;
(2) inner transitional surfaces; and
(3) balked landing surface.
(b) See CS ADR-DSN.T.915 for information regarding siting of equipment and installations on operational areas.
(c) Guidance on obstacle limitation surfaces for precision approach runways is given in ICAO Doc 9137, Airport Services Manual, Part 6, Control of Obstacles.
(d) Circumstances in which the shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in ICAO Doc 9137, Airport Services Manual, Part 6, Control of Obstacles.
(e) Because of transverse or longitudinal slopes on a strip, in certain cases the inner edge or portions of the inner edge of the approach surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip. It is not intended that the strip be graded to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface, nor is it intended that terrain or objects which are above the approach surface beyond the end of the strip, but below the level of the strip, be removed unless it is considered that they may endanger aeroplanes.
(f) For information on code letter F aeroplanes equipped with digital avionics that provide steering commands to maintain an established track during the go-around manoeuvre. Additional guidance is given in ICAO Circular, 301, New Larger Aeroplanes — Infringement of the Obstacle Free Zone.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.J.485 Runways meant for take-off
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) The safety objective of the take-off climb surface slopes and dimensions is to allow safe take-off operations by defining the limits above which new obstacles should not be permitted unless shielded by an existing immoveable object.
(b) A take-off climb surface should be established for a runway meant for take-off.
(c) The dimensions of the surface should be not less than the dimensions specified in Table J-2, except that a lesser length may be adopted for the take-off climb surface where such lesser length would be consistent with procedural measures adopted to govern the outward flight of aeroplanes.
(d) New objects or extensions of existing objects should not be permitted above a take-off climb surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
(e) Existing objects that extend above a take-off climb surface should as far as practicable be removed except when an object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or if after a safety assessment, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
|
RUNWAYS MEANT FOR TAKE-OFF |
|||
|
Surface and dimensionsa |
Code number |
||
|
1 |
2 |
3 or 4 |
|
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
|
TAKE-OFF CLIMB |
|
|
|
|
Length of inner edge |
60e m |
80e m |
180 m |
|
Distance from runway endb |
30 m |
60 m |
60 m |
|
Divergence (each side) |
10 % |
10 % |
12.5 % |
|
Final width |
380 m |
580 m |
1 200 m 1 800 mc |
|
Length |
1 600 m |
2 500 m |
15 000 m |
|
Slope |
5 % |
4 % |
2 %d |
|
a All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified otherwise. b The take-off climb surface starts at the end of the clearway if the clearway length exceeds the specified distance. c 1 800 m when the intended track includes changes of heading greater than 15° for operations conducted in IMC, VMC by night. d See GM1 ADR-DSN.J.485(a) and (e). e Where clearway is provided the length of the inner edge should be 150 m. |
|||
Table J-2. Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces — Runways meant for take-off
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.485 Runways meant for take-off
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) If no object reaches the 2 % (1:50) take-off climb surface, an obstacle-free surface of 1.6 % (1:62.5) should be established.
(b) When local conditions differ widely from sea level standard atmospheric conditions, it may be advisable for the slope specified in Table J-2 to be reduced. The degree of this reduction depends on the divergence between local conditions and sea level standard atmospheric conditions, and on the performance characteristics and operational requirements of the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended.
(c) Circumstances in which the shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in ICAO Doc 9137, Airport Services Manual, Part 6, Control of Obstacles.
(d) Because of transverse slopes on a strip or clearway, in certain cases portions of the inner edge of the take-off climb surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip or clearway. It is not intended that the strip or clearway be graded to conform with the inner edge of the take-off climb surface, nor is it intended that terrain or objects which are above the take-off climb surface beyond the end of the strip or clearway, but below the level of the strip or clearway, be removed unless it is considered that they may endanger aeroplanes. Similar considerations apply at the junction of a clearway and strip where differences in transverse slopes exist.
(e) The operational characteristics of aeroplanes for which the runway is intended should be examined to see if it is desirable to reduce the slope specified in Table J-2 when critical operating conditions are to be catered to. If the specified slope is reduced, corresponding adjustment in the length of the take-off climb surface should be made so as to provide protection to a height of 300 m.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.J.486 Other objects
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) Objects which do not project through the approach surface but which would nevertheless adversely affect the optimum siting or performance of visual or non-visual aids should, as far as practicable, be removed.
(b) Anything which may, after a safety assessment, endanger aeroplanes on the movement area or in the air within the limits of the inner horizontal and conical surfaces should be regarded as an obstacle and should be removed in so far as practicable.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.486 Other objects
ED Decision 2016/027/R
In certain circumstances, objects that do not project above any of the obstacle limitation surfaces may constitute a hazard to aeroplanes as, for example, where there are one or more isolated objects in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
CS ADR-DSN.J.487 Objects outside the obstacle limitation surfaces
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) Applicability: The specifications in paragraph (b) below apply only to the area under control of the aerodrome operator.
(b) In areas beyond the limits of the obstacle limitation surfaces, at least those objects which extend to a height of 150 m or more above ground elevation should be regarded as obstacles, unless a safety assessment indicates that they do not constitute a hazard to aeroplanes.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]
GM1 ADR-DSN.J.487 Objects outside the obstacle limitation surfaces
ED Decision 2016/027/R
(a) Beyond the limits of the obstacle limitation surfaces the safety assessment should be conducted for the proposed constructions that extend above the established limits in order to protect safe operation of aircraft.
(b) The safety assessment may have regard to the nature of operations concerned and may distinguish between day and night operations.
[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]